Table 3.
Effect of group-based Cognitive Strategy Training on self-reported symptoms, functioning, and compensatory strategy use (n = 16).
| Effect | Pretreatment Assessment Score |
Posttreatment Assessment Score |
df | t | p-Value | Effect Size Cohen’s d |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Class Satisfaction | ||||||
| Overall usefulness of class (Appendix 3* [mean item 1 score ± SD]) | — | 7.81 ± 1.11 | — | — | — | — |
| Overall satisfaction with class (Appendix 3* [mean item 5 score ± SD]) | — | 8.69 ± 1.40 | — | — | — | — |
| Cognitive Compensation—Frequency of Strategy Use | ||||||
| MCQ | 116.56 ± 24.67 | 128.25 ± 20.07 | 15 | –2.57 | 0.021 | 0.54 |
| Frequency of specific strategy use (Appendix 1* [mean scale score ± SD]) | 22.00 ± 12.60 | 41.04 ± 8.19 | 11 | –5.06 | 0.000 | 1.87 |
| Overall use of strategies and aids (Appendix 3* [mean item 4 score ± SD]) | 6.56 ± 2.31 | 7.25 ± 2.14 | 15 | –1.03 | 0.32 | 0.32 |
| Cognitive Compensation—Perceived Usefulness of Strategies | ||||||
| Combined usefulness of specific strategies (Appendix 2* [mean scale score ± SD]) | 17.08 ± 7.56 | 28.58 ± 3.58 | 11 | –5.66 | 0.000 | 2.03 |
| Overall usefulness of cognitive strategies (Appendix 3* [mean item 2 score ± SD]) | 6.25 ± 1.88 | 7.94 ± 1.34 | 15 | –3.45 | 0.004 | 1.07 |
| Overall usefulness of external aids (Appendix 3* [mean item 3 score ± SD]) | 7.27 ± 1.98 | 9.00 ± 1.20 | 15 | –4.38 | 0.001 | 1.10 |
| Cognitive Compensation—Day Planner Use and Usefulness | ||||||
| Frequency of day planner use (Appendix 1* [mean item 10 score ± SD]) | 1.58 ± 1.44 | 2.75 ± 0.62 | 11 | –2.3 | 0.041 | 3.81 |
| Usefulness of day planners (Appendix 2* [mean item 10 score ± SD]) | 1.25 ± 0.62 | 2.00 ± 0.00 | 11 | –4.18 | 0.002 | 1.78 |
| Psychiatric Symptom Severity | ||||||
| BDI-II | 25.94 ± 12.79 | 22.25 ± 13.20 | 15 | 2.86 | 0.012 | 0.14 |
| PCL-C | 58.81 ± 15.21 | 55.16 ± 13.10 | 15 | 1.695 | 0.111 | 0.27 |
| SDS | 1.06 ± 2.96 | 0.69 ± 1.74 | 15 | 0.972 | 0.347 | 0.16 |
| Cognitive Symptom Severity | ||||||
| MSNQ | 41.5 ± 10.12 | 36.19 ± 9.03 | 15 | 2.34 | 0.034 | 0.57 |
| PRMQ | 57.31 ± 10.92 | 52.56 ± 11.71 | 15 | 3.01 | 0.009 | 0.43 |
| Adaptive Functioning and Satisfaction with Life | ||||||
| CIQ | 13.67 ± 3.42 | 14.41 ± 3.02 | 15 | –1.26 | 0.227 | 0.24 |
| SLS | 16.75 ± 6.70 | 19.00 ± 7.29 | 15 | –2.25 | 0.040 | 0.33 |
| TBI SES (Appendix 4*) | 23.56 ± 12.44 | 29.38 ± 15.97 | 15 | –1.84 | 0.085 | 0.11 |
Note: Data expressed as mean total score ± SD unless otherwise noted. p-Values reflect differences between pretreatment and posttreatment assessment scores based on paired t-tests.
Available online only.
BDI-II = Beck Depression Inventory–Second Edition, CIQ = Community Integration Questionnaire, df = degrees of freedom, MCQ = Memory Compensation Questionnaire, MSNQ = Multiple Sclerosis Neuropsychological Screening Questionnaire, PCL-C = Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Checklist–Civilian, PRMQ = Prospective-Retrospective Memory Questionnaire, SD = standard deviation, SDS = Substance Dependence Severity Scale, SLS = Satisfaction with Life Scale, TBI SES = Traumatic Brain Injury Self Efficacy Scale.