Table 1. Clinical and laboratory characteristics of patients with severe mental illness (study group) and control group.
| Study group (n = 276) | Control group (n = 276) | p | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Gender | 0.86 a | ||
| Male | 65.9(182) | 67.0(185) | |
| Female | 34.1 (94) | 33.0(91) | |
| Age(years) | 34.7 ± 12.5 | 34.7 ± 12 | 0.94 b |
| Age group(years)(% [n]) | |||
| 18–24 | 25.72(71) | 25.36(70) | |
| 25–34 | 34.06(94) | 34.78(96) | |
| 35–44 | 17.03(47) | 16.67(46) | |
| 45–54 | 13.04(36) | 13.41(37) | |
| ≥ 55 | 10.15(28) | 9.78(27) | |
| Ethnicity | 1.00 a | ||
| African | 84.1(232) | 84.1(232) | |
| White | 9.1(25) | 9.1(25) | |
| Indian | 5.4(15) | 5.8(16) | |
| Coloured(mixed race) | 1.5(4) | 1.1(3) | |
| Diagnosis | |||
| Schizophrenia | 73.2(202) | ||
| Schizoaffective disorder | 15.9(44) | ||
| Bipolar mood disorder | 10.9(30) | ||
| First generation antipsychotic medication | |||
| Zuclopenthixol Decanoate | 14.12(50) | ||
| Chlorpromazine | 10.17(36) | ||
| Flupenthixol Decanoate | 7.91(28) | ||
| Haloperidol | 7.91(28) | ||
| Second generation antipsychotic medication | |||
| Risperidone | 33.90(120) | ||
| Clozapine | 8.19(29) | ||
| Amisulpride | 5.93(21) | ||
| Aripiprazole | 4.24(15) | ||
| Quetiapine | 3.96(14) | ||
| Olanzapine | 3.67(13) | ||
| Cigarette smokers | 41.3(114) | 34.8(96) | 0.14 a |
| Body Mass Index (BMI) (kg/m2) | 27.6 ±7.4 | 27.1 ± 7.4 | 0.46 b |
| BMI category: | 0.46 a | ||
| Normal: < 25 | 45.3(125/276) | 50.2(138/275) | |
| Overweight: 25–29.9 | 26.5(73/276) | 22.6(62/275) | |
| Obese: > 30 | 28.3(78/276) | 27.3(75/275) | |
| Waist circumference (cm) | 92.8 ± 15.0 | 87.8 ± 15.5 | <0.001 b |
| Blood pressure(mmHg): | |||
| Systolic | 121.9 ± 16.2 | 121.8 ± 17.9 | 0.95 b |
| Diastolic | 76.2 ± 10.2 | 76.9 ± 12.6 | 0.45 b |
| Fasting plasma glucose (mmol/l) | 5.1 ± 1.2 | 5.1 ± 1.3 | 0.99 b |
| Serum lipids (mmol/l): | |||
| Total cholesterol | 4.1 ± 1.1 | 4.1 ± 1.0 | 0.96 b |
| Total triglycerides | 1.1 ± 0.7 | 1.0 ± 0.7 | 0.40 b |
| High density lipoprotein cholesterol | 1.1 ± 0.3 | 1.2 ± 0.3 | 0.01 b |
| Low density lipoprotein cholesterol | 2.5 ± 0.9 | 2.5 ± 0.8 | 0.80 b |
Data are mean ± SD and % (n), unless otherwise indicated p for significant differences between study and control group analysed using
a Fisher’s exact test and,
b Student’s t—test.