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Basal release of TNF- α (pg/mL) from PBMCs in patients with COPD, non-COPD SC, and non-COPD NSC.
Notes: Data are presented as mean ± standard deviation; n=10 in each group. aDifference between COPD and non-COPD NSC groups by Dunnett’s test.
Abbreviations: TNF-α, tumor necrosis factor-alpha; LPS, lipopolysaccharide; COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; SC, smoking controls; NSC, nonsmoking controls; PBMCs, peripheral blood mononuclear cells.
