Table S1.
Summary of biomarkers in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (stimulated by TNF-α or LPS)
| Inflammatory cells | Non-COPD NSC group (N=10) |
Non-COPD SC group (N=10) |
COPD group (N=10) |
|||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| (−)TNF-α | (+)TNF-α | (−)TNF-α | (+)TNF-α | (−)TNF-α | (+)TNF-α | |
| IL-8, pg/mL | 421.8±361.5 | 3,942.1±3,293.4 | 525.5±360.0 | 3,155.5±1,796.6 | 315.8±155.0 | 4,462.8±3,087.4 |
| IL-6, pg/mL | 3.0±4.7 | 44.4±63.1 | 50.6±89.2 | 13.9±12.0 | 3.6±6.6 | 44.25±91.9 |
| MMP-9, pg/mL | 500.0±0.0b | 768.3±442.2 | 500.0±0.0b | 943.9±679.4 | 500.0±0.0b | 3,133.2±4,630.7 |
| (−)LPS | (+)LPS | (−)LPS | (+)LPS | (−)LPS | (+)LPS | |
| IL-8, pg/mL | 421.8±361.5 | 47,303.5±24,858 | 525.5±360.0 | 35,473.7±9,802.1 | 315.8±155.0 | 34,508.5±15,412.7 |
| IL-6, pg/mL | 3.0±4.7 | 7,312.7±5,512.9 | 50.6±89.2 | 8,030.0±3,340.4 | 3.6±6.6 | 8,397.1±3,203.8 |
| MMP-9, pg/mL | 500.0±0.0b | 792.3±508.3 | 500.0±0.0b | 946.0±697.3 | 500.0±0.0b | 3,497.4±5,267.0 |
| TNF-α, pg/mL | 9.5±5.2a | 1,305.4±840.7 | 80.3±95.7 | 4,500.2±4,453.8 | 81.6±111.4 | 8,228.5±20,171.3 |
Notes: All data are expressed as mean ± standard deviation.
a
P<0.05 (difference between COPD groups and non-smokers, by the Dunnett’s test); (+) with stimulation, (−) without stimulation.
b
The levels of MMP-9 before stimulation with TNF-α were below the limit of detection (1,000 pg/mL).
Abbreviations: COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; IL-8, interleukin-8; IL-6, interleukin-6; LPS, lipopolysaccharide; MMP-9, matrix metalloproteinase-9; SC, smoking controls; NSC, nonsmoking controls; TNF-α, tumor necrosis factor-alpha.