Figure 4.
Affective and physiological responses to setbacks. A) Participants reported how negative/positive they felt when they experienced setbacks in the PAS task. The chart shows these valence ratings as a function of preexisting stress and setback controllability. Error bars indicate SEM across participants. B) Skin conductance responses were recorded immediately following each setback in the PAS task. In the no stress group, increased SCRs to uncontrollable setbacks correlate with greater persistence.