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a) PL from PbS QD thin films with different ligands—OA (black), TBAI (green), EDT (blue), MPA (orange), and nBA (red) and b) XPS on the Pb 4f feature for the same samples. The binding energies of metallic Pb, Pb–S, and COO:Pb are highlighted. c) XPS and d) PL measurements of ligand-exchanged PbS QD thin films following oxidation with BQ.
