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. 2016 Feb 17;7:97. doi: 10.3389/fpls.2016.00097

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Copyright © 2016 Petre, Hecker, Germain, Tsan, Sklenar, Pelletier, Séguin, Duplessis and Rouhier.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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RISP inhibits M. larici-populina germinating tube elongation in vitro. (A) Pictures of M. larici-populina urediniospores that germinated 4 h on water-agar in Petri dishes. (ii) Same picture as (i) with the white dotted line marking the measured length of the germ tubes. Scale bar: 100 μM. (B) Inhibitory effect of RISP on the elongation of germinating tube in vitro. M. larici-populina urediniospores germinated for 4 h on water-agar in Petri dishes, then 100 μM His-RISP, 100 μM AtGrxC1, TE pH 8.0 buffer or ddHOH were carefully deposited onto the medium and left 4 additional hours. ‘Control’ indicates non-treated urediniospores. Pictures were taken under a binocular microscope 4 h (dark gray bars) and 8 h (light gray bars) after the beginning of the experiment and were used to measure the total length of germ tube(s) of a minimum of 15 spores for each repetition. Error bar: SE, n = 5.