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| Variable | Risk factor |
|---|---|
| Age | >55 years |
| Gender | Male |
| ASA physical status | >2 |
| Performance Status Classification (WHO) | >3 |
| Dyspnea score (Medical Research Council) | >3 |
| Surgical priority | Urgent or emergency |
| Procedure class | Pneumonectomy |
| Diagnosis | Malignant |
| Comorbid diseases | >3 |
