Table 2.
Individual correlates of sedentary behaviours in adults
| Individual Correlates of Sedentary Behaviour in Adults (18–65 years) | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Factors (n = total studies) | Total screen time | Leisure screen time | Transport sitting time | Total sitting time | Leisure sitting time | Total Objective SB |
| Behavioural | ||||||
| Alcohol consumption (n = 5) | nr [23] | + [26] | + [27]W
nr [24]W, [25]W |
|||
| Alcohol and diet (n = 1) | + [28] | |||||
| Food cravings (n = 1) | + [30]W | + [30]W | ||||
| High calorie snacking (n = 4) | + [31], [32], [40] | +[26] | ||||
| Lifestyle (n = 1) | + [29] | |||||
| Smoking (n = 7) | + [33] nr [23] |
+ [26] | + [24]W, [25]W, [27]W | + [28] | ||
| Lack of PA (n = 1) | nr [42]W | |||||
| PA (vigorous) (n = 2) | nr [23] | nr [44] | ||||
| PA levels (n = 11) | nr [41] | - [31]W, [34]W, [35]M, [36] nr [73], [41] |
+ [40] - [24]W, [25]W [37], [27]W |
nr [41] | - [37] | |
| PA outside work (n = 2) | - [34]W, [39] | - [39] | ||||
| Total time in exercise (n = 1) | nr [43]M | |||||
| Poor sleeping habits (n = 2) | +[26] | - [24]W | ||||
| Sedentary habits (n = 2) | + [36] | + [45] | + [45] | |||
| Cell phone use (n = 1) | + [46] | |||||
| TV viewing time (n = 1) | + [61] | |||||
| Physical/Biological/Genetic | ||||||
| Age (n = 20) | nr [53] | + [23], [32], [63], [55], [48], [48], [49]W, [34]W
nr [59], [42]W, [9], [31]W, [34]M |
+ [48] | + [30]W, [49]W, [50], [10], [60] nr [25]W, [47], [37], |
+ [53] | + [30]W
nr [37] |
| Gender (n = 19) | - [23], [48] nr [55], [57] |
+ [53], [15], [59], [60] | + [54]M occ
- [47], [50], [49], [51], [43], [52] nr [33], [12] |
+ [53] | - [37] nr [45], [56] |
|
| BMI (n = 25) | + [23], [55], [29], [61], [63], [31]W, [49], [34], [35]M, [32], [65]M, [36], [62]W
nr [42]W |
+ [48] | + [25]W, [48], [64]W, [27]W [54]occ, [40]occ
nr [30]W, [24]W, [37], [66]occ |
+ [56] nr [30]W, [37] |
||
| Chronic diseases (n = 4) | + [25]W, [32], [67]M
nr [24]W |
|||||
| Disability, Illness, Injury (n = 5) | + [26] | nr [47], nr [30]W, [24]W, [68]W | nr [30]W | |||
| Hormone use (n = 1) | + [25]W | |||||
| Medication (n = 1) | + [25]W | |||||
| Pregnancy (n = 1) | + [70] | |||||
| Race (n = 3) | + [31]W
nr [42]W |
+ [25]W | ||||
| Heritability (n = 1) | + [69] | |||||
| Psychological | ||||||
| Attitude (n = 1) | - [72] | |||||
| Depressive symptoms, anxiety, tension or stress (n = 7) | + [42]W, [57], [31]W [29] nr [62]W (med) |
+ [26] | + [27]W | |||
| Enjoyment of TV (n = 1) | + [62]W | |||||
| Intention (n = 3) | -[45], [72] nr [54]occ |
- [45] | ||||
| Perceived behavioural control (n = 2) | nr [72], [54]occ | |||||
| Perceived health (n = 3) | - [31]W | - [25]W | nr [53] | |||
| Perceived benefits of reducing SB (n = 2) | - [55] | - [52] | ||||
| Preference (n = 2) | nr [62]W (med) | + [47] | ||||
| Subjective Norm (n = 2) | + [52] nr [72] |
|||||
| Socio-economic Status | ||||||
| Level of educational attainment (n = 22) | - [23], [31]W, [42]W, [55], [9], [48], [40], [22] nr [63] |
nr [48] | + [10],[53]occ, [54]occ, [40]occ, [22]occ
- [24]W, [79], [25]W, [27]W nr [68]W, [66]occ |
- [28]M, [12] | + [22] | |
| Employed (n = 7) | - [23], [31]W, [63], [55], [9], [48] | + [12] | ||||
| Manual Employment (n = 4) | + [73] | + [38] - [37] |
+ [22] - [37] |
|||
| Office work (n = 9) | - [40], [54], [22] | + [46] | + [74], [38], [27]W, [40]occ, [53, 54]occ, [22]occ
-[60], [67]M |
+ [22], [75] | ||
| Work vs non-work time (n = 5) | + [77] | S [74] | S [39], [76], [75] | |||
| Full time versus part-time work (n = 3) | S [27], [66], [74] | S [27], [66], [74] | ||||
| Change at work (n = 1) | S [68] | |||||
| Work commitment (n = 3) | - [67]M, [52] | - [47] | ||||
| Retirement (n = 3) | + [41, 78], [73] | + [41] | ||||
| Studying (n = 1) | + [24]W | |||||
| Household Income (n = 10) | - [48], [22], [40] nr [63] |
+ [77] | + [59], [80], [22]occ, [40]occ
- [79] |
- [28]M | + [59], [22] | |
| Income (n = 8) | - [30]W, [73] nr [9] |
+ [54]occ
- [24]W, [30]W, [37] nr [10] |
- [30]W, [37] | |||
Note: Each result is reported as positive (+), negative (−), or not related (nr) for objective or self-reported/perceived individual measure. Significant associations only in subgroups are identified as men (M), women (w) occ refers to occupational time. S refers to significant differences between groups. For one study [62], the studied factor was investigated as a mediator of the association between education and sedentary behaviour and identified as (med)