TABLE 1.
HIV Prevalence Rates in Clients at the First Recorded Visit at HIV Testing and Counseling Sites, and Re-testing Rates in Clients with HIV-Negative Test Results at the First Visit, by Selected Characteristics of Clients in Lesotho, January 2006 to June 2010
| Clients at first visit
|
Clients re-tested at subsequent visits
|
||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Characteristic | n tested | n (%) HIV + | n (%) HIV − | n (%) re-tested | P-valuea | OR (95% CI) | aOR (95% CI)b |
| All clients | 128,522 | 23,860 (18.6) | 104,662 | 6,777 (6.5) | |||
| Site (n = 128,522) | |||||||
| Butha Buthe | 18,257 | 2,139 (11.7) | 16,118 (88.3) | 966 (6.0) | < 0.01 | 0.65 [0.60, 0.70] | 0.66 [0.60, 0.73] |
| Leribe | 24,061 | 5,283 (22.0) | 18,778 (78.0) | 1,259 (6.7) | 0.73 [0.69, 0.79] | 0.58 [0.53, 0.63] | |
| Mafeteng | 22,146 | 3,257 (14.7) | 18,889 (85.3) | 1,025 (5.4) | 0.59 [0.54, 0.63] | 0.43 [0.39, 0.48] | |
| Maseru (urban) | 46,682 | 11,609 (24.9) | 35,073 (75.1) | 3,126 (8.9) | 1.00 (Referent) | 1.00 (Referent) | |
| Qachas Nek | 17,376 | 1,572 (9.0) | 15,804 (91.0) | 401 (2.5) | 0.27 [0.24, 0.30] | 0.27 [0.23, 0.33] | |
| Initial year of visit (n = 128,522) | |||||||
| 2006 | 18,616 | 5,366 (28.8) | 13,250 (71.2) | 1,473 (11.1) | < 0.01 | 1.00 (Referent) | 1.00 (Referent) |
| 2007 | 33,007 | 7,572 (22.9) | 25,435 (77.1) | 2,339 (9.2) | 0.81 [0.76, 0.87] | 0.80 [0.72, 0.90] | |
| 2008 | 43,783 | 6,380 (14.6) | 37,403 (85.4) | 2,472 (6.6) | 0.57 [0.53, 0.61] | 0.62 [0.55, 0.69] | |
| 2009 | 26,182 | 3,439 (13.1) | 22,743 (86.9) | 465 (2.0) | 0.17 [0.15, 0.19] | 0.16 [0.14, 0.19] | |
| 2010 | 6,934 | 1,103 (15.9) | 5,831 (84.1) | 28 (0.5) | 0.04 [0.03, 0.06] | 0.02 [0.02 0.04] | |
| Gender (n = 128,515) | |||||||
| Male | 48,059 | 7,095 (14.8) | 40,964 (85.2) | 2,797 (6.8) | < 0.01 | 1.00 (Referent) | 1.00 (Referent) |
| Female | 80,456 | 16,764 (20.8) | 63,692 (79.2) | 3,980 (6.2) | 0.91 [0.86, 0.96] | 0.86 [0.80, 0.92] | |
| Age (n = 106,083) | |||||||
| 15–24 | 44,532 | 4,522 (10.2) | 40,010 (89.8) | 2,469 (6.2) | < 0.01 | 1.00 (Referent) | 1.00 (Referent) |
| 25+ | 61,551 | 17,790 (28.9) | 43,761 (71.1) | 3,599 (8.2) | 1.36 [1.29, 1.44] | 1.31 [1.20,1.43] | |
| Marital status (n = 118,613) | |||||||
| Never married | 58,418 | 4,589 (7.9) | 53,829 (92.1) | 2,959 (5.5) | < 0.01 | 1.00 (Referent) | 1.00 (Referent) |
| Married/cohabiting | 46,727 | 11,333 (24.2) | 35,394 (75.7) | 2,376 (6.7) | 1.24 [1.17, 1.31] | 0.80 [0.72, 0.88] | |
| Polygamous | 218 | 70 (32.1) | 148 (67.9) | 10 (6.8) | 1.25 [1.66, 2.37] | 0.99 [0.49, 2.00] | |
| Divorced/separated | 4,021 | 1,884 (46.8) | 2,137 (53.1) | 217 (10.2) | 1.94 [1.68, 2.25] | 1.23 [1.02, 1.48] | |
| Widowed | 8,961 | 2,909 (32.5) | 6,052 (67.5) | 339 (5.6) | 1.02 [0.91, 1.14] | 0.87 [0.74, 1.02] | |
| Other | 268 | 99 (36.9) | 169 (63.1) | 27 (16.0) | 3.27 [2.16, 4.94] | 1.20 [0.74, 1.96] | |
| Education (n = 127,930) | |||||||
| No formal education | 11,021 | 1,952 (17.7) | 9,069 (82.3) | 272 (3.0) | < 0.01 | 0.22 [0.19, 0.26] | 0.26 [0.22, 0.31] |
| Less than high school | 64,491 | 12,284 (19.0) | 52,207 (81.0) | 2,401 (4.6) | 0.35 [0.32, 0.38] | 0.41 [0.37, 0.46] | |
| High school | 42,517 | 8,168 (19.2) | 34,349 (80.8) | 3,021 (8.8) | 0.70 [0.64, 0.75] | 0.69 [0.63, 0.77] | |
| More than high school | 9,901 | 1,372 (13.9) | 8,529 (86.1) | 1,039 (12.2) | 1.00 (Referent) | 1.00 (Referent) | |
| Client type (n = 128,486) | |||||||
| Individual | 124,664 | 22,770 (18.3) | 101,894 (81.7) | 6,469 (6.4) | < 0.01 | 1.00 (Referent) | 1.00 (Referent) |
| Couple | 3,822 | 1,086 (28.4) | 2,736 (71.6) | 306 (11.2) | 1.86 [1.64, 2.10] | 1.30 [1.12, 1.51] | |
| Most recent partner tested in last 3 months (n = 103,226) | |||||||
| Yes | 17,501 | 3,521 (20.1) | 13,980 (79.9) | 1,309 (9.4) | < 0.01 | 2.73 [2.52, 2.96] | 1.73 [1.55, 1.95] |
| No | 47,324 | 12,253 (25.9) | 35,071 (74.1) | 2,927 (8.4) | 2.41 [2.25, 2.58] | 1.42 [1.28, 1.57] | |
| Don’t know | 38,401 | 3,363 (8.8) | 35,038 (91.2) | 1,276 (3.6) | 1.00 (Referent) | 1.00 (Referent) | |
| Self-Reported Riskc | |||||||
| Had sex while intoxicated/drunk (n = 128,364) | |||||||
| Yes | 8,717 | 3,163 (36.3) | 5,554 (63.7) | 490 (8.8) | < 0.01 | 1.43 [1.30, 1.57] | 0.89 [0.78, 1.02] |
| No | 119,647 | 20,671 (17.3) | 98,976 (82.7) | 6,280 (6.3) | 1.00 (Referent) | 1.00 (Referent) | |
| Exchanged money/materials/goods for sex (n = 128,401) | |||||||
| Yes | 1,393 | 592 (42.5) | 801 (57.5) | 67 (8.4) | 0.03 | 1.32 [1.03, 1.70] | 0.92 [0.64, 1.30] |
| No | 127,008 | 23,248 (18.3) | 103,760 (81.7) | 6,706 (6.5) | 1.00 (Referent) | 1.00 (Referent) | |
| Had unprotected sex (n = 128,321)d | |||||||
| Yes | 75,774 | 19,861 (26.2) | 55,913 (73.8) | 4,213 (7.5) | < 0.01 | 1.47 [1.40, 1.54] | 1.08 [0.99, 1.18] |
| No | 52,547 | 3,973 (7.6) | 48,574 (92.4) | 2,554 (5.3) | 1.00 (Referent) | 1.00 (Referent) | |
a
Pearson’s chi-square statistic for testing the null hypothesis of no association between the characteristic and re-testing.
b
The multivariable logistic regression model contains all variables listed in this table. The sample size for the model was 61,779 clients.
c
In the pre-2008 form, these questions were asked only for the past 12 months, whereas in the post-2008 form, these questions were asked as ever.
d
In the post-2008 form, two separate questions were asked, one for sex with a regular partner and another for sex with a nonregular partner; a composite variable was created and coded Yes if either question’s response was answered Yes, otherwise No.