Table 1.

Summary of included studies.

Author		Year	Design	n	Mean age	Outcome
O’Brien14		2005	UBA	25 60% male	42	↓admissions and bed days ↑ contact with community services ↑ supportive housing arrangements
O’Brien15		2009	UBA	84 60% male	45	↑ contact with community services in 80% of the sample ↑ supportive housing arrangements
Same study
Frank16		2005	UBA	42 52% male	48.4	↓ time to readmission
Nakhost17		2012	UBA	72 52% male	46.3
Hunt19		2007	CBA	224 CTOs 92 control subjects 45% male	51% aged between 31 and 40 years	↓admissions 0 to 12 month follow-up ↓ bed days 6 to 12 month follow-up
O’Reilly22		2000	Survey of psychiatrists	50	—	62% satisfied or extremely satisfied with the effect of CTOs
Orr18		2012	Qualitative study of MHS staff	55 +	—	CTO cases had ↑time in the community, continuity of care, and QoL
O’Reilly23		2006	Qualitative study of patients, family and MHS staff	14 CTOs 14 family members + staff total N=78	44 — —	Family and clinicians positive Patients ambivalent
Mfoafo-M’Carthy24		2014	Qualitative study of ethnic minority patients	24	18 to 59	Patients ambivalent

— = age data was not included in the study; CBA = controlled before-and-after study; CTO = community treatment order; MHS = mental health services; QoL = quality of life; UBA = uncontrolled before-and-after study.