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. 2016 Feb 17;6:21020. doi: 10.1038/srep21020

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(Switching Characteristics) Typical I-V curves from randomly chosen adjacent cells in both conventional structure (a) and proposed SEO structure (b). The devices show not only excellent bipolar switching characteristics but also nearly identical initial switching curves. (Resistive Distributions) Resistive distributions in conventional structure and proposed SEO structure. (c) device-to-device variability obtained from 30 randomly selected devices; (d) cycle-to-cycle variability obtained from 10⁷ consecutive pulse operation cycles. HRS/LRS ratio >10X is obtained in proposed SEO structure. (Endurance performances) Endurance characteristics of conventional structure and proposed SEO structure. Pulse operation configuration: set 1.3 V/200 ns; reset −1.6 V/500 ns. ~10⁸ cycles was obtained without verification and any noticeable degradation in proposed SEO structure. Conventional structure degrades after ~10⁶ cycles.