Table 4.
Adjusteda percent and risk ratio (ARR) of ETS exposed versus unexposed children with asthma for each of five outcomes due to wheezing, stratified by race/ethnicity, United States, 2003-2010
| NHW (n=235) | NHB (n=354) | Mexican (n=202) | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
|
|||||||||
| ETS exposed (adj %) |
Unexpos ed (adj %) |
ARR (95% CI) | ETS exposed (adj %) |
Unexpos ed (adj %) |
ARR (95% CI) | ETS exposed (adj %) |
Unexpos ed (adj %) |
ARR (95% CI) | |
|
|
|||||||||
| Missed school days past 12m | |||||||||
| 0 days | 65.7 | 81.1 | 0.8 (0.7, 1.0)* | 66.5 | 57.9 | 1.2 (1.0, 1.4) | 68.5 | 68.7 | 1.0 (0.8, 1.2) |
| 1-7 days | 26.8 | 15.4 | 1.7 (1.2, 2.6)* | 24.8 | 30.1 | 0.8 (0.7, 1.0) | 23.8 | 23.6 | 1.0 (0.7, 1.5) |
| 8+ days | 7.5 | 3.5 | 2.1 (1.2, 3.7)* | 8.7 | 12.1 | 0.7 (0.5, 1.1) | 7.8 | 7.7 | 1.0 (0.6, 1.9) |
| Healthcare visits past 12m for wheezing | |||||||||
| No visits | 57.0 | 72.0 | 0.8 (0.6, 1.0)* | 62.1 | 58.3 | 1.1 (0.9, 1.3) | 61.0 | 62.9 | 1.0 (0.8, 1.2) |
| 1-2 visits | 30.3 | 21.0 | 1.4 (1.0, 2.0)* | 27.4 | 29.6 | 0.9 (0.7, 1.2) | 26.7 | 25.6 | 1.0 (0.8, 1.4) |
| 3+ visits | 12.7 | 7.0 | 1.8 (1.1, 3.1)* | 10.5 | 12.1 | 0.9 (0.6, 1.4) | 12.3 | 11.5 | 1.1 (0.6, 1.8) |
| Nights w/disturbed sleep past 12m | |||||||||
| None | 55.4 | 74.1 | 0.8 (0.6, 0.9)* | 61.9 | 54.9 | 1.1 (0.9, 1.4) | 46.9 | 64.1 | 0.7 (0.6, 1.0)* |
| <1 night per week | 29.2 | 18.5 | 1.6 (1.1, 2.2)* | 21.6 | 24.2 | 0.9 (0.8, 1.1) | 29.6 | 22.7 | 1.3 (1.1, 1.6)* |
| 1+ nights per week | 15.5 | 7.4 | 2.1 (1.3, 3.5)* | 16.5 | 20.9 | 0.8 (0.5, 1.2) | 23.5 | 13.2 | 1.8 (1.1, 2.9)* |
| Activity limitation past 12m | |||||||||
| None | 55.9 | 77.9 | 0.7 (0.6, 0.9)* | 73.4 | 62.4 | 1.2 (1.0, 1.4) | 63.7 | 63.7 | 1.0 (0.8, 1.3) |
| A little | 27.3 | 15.3 | 1.8 (1.3, 2.5)* | 14.8 | 19.4 | 0.8 (0.6, 1.0) | 25.7 | 25.7 | 1.0 (0.7, 1.5) |
| Fair/moderate/lot | 16.8 | 6.8 | 2.5 (1.5, 4.2)* | 11.8 | 18.2 | 0.7 (0.4, 1.0) | 10.6 | 10.6 | 1.0 (0.5, 2.0) |
| Wheezing during exercise past 12m | |||||||||
| No | 49.1 | 61.3 | 0.8 (0.6, 1.0) | 54.2 | 54.1 | 1.0 (0.8, 1.3) | 51.1 | 56.6 | 0.9 (0.7, 1.2) |
| Yes | 50.9 | 38.7 | 1.3 (1.0, 1.8) | 45.8 | 45.9 | 1.0 (0.7, 1.4) | 48.9 | 43.4 | 1.1 (0.8, 1.6) |
Note: Conditional marginal proportions (adjusted percents) and ARRs were estimated using ordinal regression models for the ordered levels of the outcome variables.
a
Adjusted for sex, race/ethnicity and poverty status, household ownership, and household size.
*
95% confidence interval excluded 1.0 prior to rounding.