Figure 1. Therapeutic biological pathways for targeted therapies in mRCC (11).4E-BP1=4E binding protein-1; AKT=protein kinase B; FKBP=FK binding protein; eIF-4E=eukaryotic initiation factor-4 subunit E; FGF=fibroblast growth factor; HIF=hypoxia-inducible factor; IL-8=interleukin-8; mLST8=mammalian lethal with SEC13 protein 8; mTORC1=mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1; P70S6K=P70S6 kinase; PDGFR=platelet-derived growth factor receptor; P=phosphorous; PI3K=phosphoinositide 3-kinase; Pro=proline; PTEN=phosphatase and tensin homologue; Ub=Ubiquitin; VEGFR=vascular endothelial growth factor receptor; VHL=Von Hippel-Lindau.

This figure has been reproduced and modified with kind permission of Elsevier from Rini and Atkins. (Lancet Oncol, 2009) [permission to be obtained upon acceptance].