Figure 10. The VCL decreases testicular endocrine function by promoting nitrosative and oxidative stresses, which lead to severe damages at spermatogenesis and enhance the DNA and RNA damage. While, VitE reduces Leydig cells degeneration via up-regulating antioxidant status and DEX inhibits the NO generation by reducing the VCL-induced inflammation. Therefore, combination of these two compounds up-regulates the testicular endocrine activity.