Table 2.

Descriptive statistics for the sample.

Characteristic	Total sample (N = 2,024)	Childhood-onset hearing loss group (n = 129)	Adult-onset hearing loss group (n = 1,895)
	M, SD, range	M, SD, range	M, SD, range
Childhood hearing threshold a	—	36, 15, 20–97	Normal
Measures in adulthood
Age	48, 8, 20–56	39, 9, 21–55	48, 7, 20–56
Hearing threshold b	29, 11, 20–100	41, 16, 21–94	29, 10, 20–100
Hearing handicap sum-score c	44, 8.5, 15–61	40, 8.1, 16–59	45, 8.5, 15–61
Education d	3.7, 1.4, 0–9	3.9, 1.2, 2–9	3.7, 1.4, 0–9
Income e	18.5, 9.8, 0.0–69.0	15.4, 9.9, 0.0–38.0	18.7, 0.8, 0.0–69.1
HF hearing loss f	38, 14, 8–100	49, 17, 20–100	37, 14, 8–100
%
Men	61	61	61
Women	39	39	39
Use of hearing aids	8	26	7
Tinnitus g	31	31	31

Note. Em dash indicates data not available.

^a Binaural pure-tone average (PTA) at 0.5–4 kHz at the last medical examination in the baseline childhood study (mean age = 10 years).

^b Binaural PTA at 0.5–4 kHz, in dB.

^c Sum-score of the 15 items about speech perception and social impairment presented in Table 1. A high score indicates good self-perceived hearing ability.

^d Scored 0–8, representing increasing years of education.

^e Calculated as the mean income in 10,000 per year during the years available and corrected for an increase in the general population income during the period.

^f High-frequency (HF) hearing loss is defined as binaural PTA at 3–8 kHz.

^g Percentage of participants answering yes to the following question: “Are you bothered by tinnitus?”