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. 2015 Aug;28(4):376–384. doi: 10.1177/1971400915604526

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Figure 3. — Imaging of a 62-year-old woman with a previous excision of AVM presented for follow-up and the residual early venous drainage was missed on a 4D-CTA. (a) Axial 4D-CTA base data demonstrating abnormal venous clustures (arrow) in the surgical cavity. (b) and (c) Lateral 4D-CTA MIP data displaying the early venous filling (arrow) and surronding surgical clip artefacts (arrow heads). (d) DSA lateral view highlighting the early venous filling (arrow). AVM: arteriovenous malformation; 4D-CTA: four-dimensional computed tomography angiography; MIP: maximum intensity projection; DSA: digital subtraction angiography.