Table 1. Epidemiological, phenotypic and genotypic characteristics of CC398 methicillin-resistant and methicillin-susceptible S. aureus (MRSA and MSSA) identified in the Republic of Ireland among animals and humans.
| Methicillin resistance phenotype | Incident no. | Year | No. of isolates | Host | Sample site/clinical presentation (n) | spa type a | IEC type | SCCmec type | Antimicrobial resistance patternb | Antimicrobial resistance genes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| MRSA | 1 | 2011 | 1 | Human | Nursing home resident nasal swab | t011 | Negative | IVa | Ap, Gn, Kn, Tb, Te, Tp | blaZ, aacA-aphD, tet(M), dfrK |
| MRSA | 2 | 2012 | 2 | Horse & human | Horse umbilical abscess; veterinarian nasal swab | t011 | B (sak, chp & scn) | IVa | Ap, Er, Gn, Ln, Kn, Tb, Te, Tp | blaZ, erm(C), aacA-aphD, tet(M), dfrG, dfrK |
| MRSA | 3 | 2012 & 2013 | 18 | Pig (n = 9) & human (n = 9) | Pig joint abscess-farm A (1); pig nasal swab- farm A (1) | t034 | Negative | VT | Ap, Er, Ln, Sp, Te, Tp | blaZ, erm(A), tet(K), tet(M), dfrG, spc |
| Pig nasal swab-farm A (1) | t034 | Negative | VT | Ap, Er, Ln, Sp, Te, Tp | blaZ, erm(A), tet(M), dfrG, spc | |||||
| Pig nasal swab-farm A (1); pig farm worker nasal swab-farms A (2) & B (5) | t011 | Negative | VT | Ap, Er, Ln, Sp, Te | blaZ, erm(A), tet(K), tet(M), spc | |||||
| Pig farm worker nasal swab-farm A (1) | t011 | Negative | VT | Ap, Ch, Te | blaZ, tet(K), tet(M), fexA | |||||
| Pig farm worker nasal swab-farm A (1) | t011 | Negative | VT | Ap, Ch, Er, Kn, Ln, Nm, Tb, Te, Tp | blaZ, erm(B), aadD, tet(K), tet(M), fexA, tet(L), dfrG, dfrK | |||||
| Pig nasal swab-farm A (2) | t011 | Negative | VT | Ap, Ch, Er, Kn, Ln, Gn, Nm, Tb, Te, Tp | blaZ, erm(B), aacA-aphD, aadD, tet(K), tet(M), fexA, tet(L), dfrG, dfrK | |||||
| Pig nasal swab-farm A (1) | t011 | Negative | VT | Ap, Ch, Er, Ln, Nm, Tb, Te, Tp | blaZ, erm(A), erm(B), aadD, tet(M), tet(K) fexA, tet(L), dfrG, dfrK | |||||
| Pig nasal swab-farm A (1) | t011 | Negative | VT | Ap, Er, Gn, Kn, Ln, Nm, Sp, Tb, Te, Tp | blaZ, erm(A), erm(B), aadD, tet(M), tet(L), dfrG, dfrK, spc | |||||
| Pig nasal swab-farm A (1) | t011 | Negative | VT | Ap, Er, Kn, Ln, Nm, Sp, Te, Tb, Tp | blaZ, erm(A), erm(B), aadD, tet(K), tet(M), dfrG, dfrK, tet(L), spc | |||||
| MRSA | 4 | 2013 | 1 | Human | Child skin abscess with family contact working with pigs | t034 | Negative | VT | Ap, Er, Ln, Sp, Te, Tp | blaZ, erm(A), tet(K), tet(M), dfrG, spc |
| MSSA | 5 | 2010 | 3 | Pig | Nasal swabs | t108 (1) | Negative | N/A | Ap, Cp, Sp, Te | blaZ, tet(M), spc |
| t108 (1) | Negative | N/A | Ap, Cp, Er, Ln, Sp, Te | blaZ, erm(C), tet(M), | ||||||
| t4854 (1) | Negative | N/A | Ap, Er, Ln, Sp, Te | blaZ, erm(C), tet(M), spc | ||||||
| MSSA | 6 | 2010 | 5 | Pig | Nasal swabs | t034 | Negative | N/A | Ap, Cp, Er, Ln, Sp, Te | blaZ, erm(A), tet(M), spc |
| MSSA | 7 | 2014 | 1 | Human | BSI | t571 | C (chp & scn) | N/A | Ap, Er | blaZ, erm(T) |
| MSSA | 8 | 2014 | 1 | Human | BSI | t011 | D (sea, sak & scn) | N/A | Ap | blaZ |
aSpa repeat successions: t011, 08-16-02-25-34-24-25; t034: 08-16-02-25-02-25-34-24-25; t108: 08-16-02-25-24-25; t571: 08-16-02-25-02-25-34-25; t4854: 08-16-02-25-24.
bThe susceptibility of each isolate was determined against 23 antimicrobial agents including amikacin, ampicillin (Ap), cadmium acetate, chloramphenicol, ciprofloxacin (Cp), erythromycin (Er), ethidium bromide, fusidic acid, gentamicin (Gn), kanamycin (Kn), lincomycin (Ln), mercuric chloride, mupirocin, neomycin (Nm), phenyl mercuric acetate, rifampicin, spectinomycin (Sp), streptomycin, sulphonamide, tetracycline (Te), tobramycin (Tb), trimethoprim (Tp) and vancomycin.
Abbreviations: BSI, bloodstream infection; n, number of isolates; N/A, not applicable; IEC, immune evasion complex.