Table 3.

Baseline PSQI as a risk factor of group membership for 124 HCV patients undergoing treatment using group-based trajectory analysis while adjusting for baseline BDI-s

Reference Group: Non-depressed
Group	Variable	Estimate (standard error), p-value	Odds Ratio (95% Confidence Interval)
Slow Increase	Constant	−3.42 (0.88), p<0.001	----
	PSQI	0.193 (0.10), p=0.05	1.21 (0.996, 1.48)
	BDI-s at baseline	0.417 (0.11), p<0.001	1.52 (1.23, 1.87)
Rapid Increase	Constant	−8.17 (1.6), p<0.001	----
	PSQI	0.330 (0.13), p=0.01	1.39 (1.07, 1.80)
	BDI-s at baseline	0.582 (0.12), p<0.001	1.79 (1.41, 2.27)
Reference Group: Slow Increase
Group	Variable	Estimate (standard error), p-value	Odds Ratio (95% Confidence Interval)
Rapid Increase	Constant	−4.75 (1.3), p<0.001	----
	PSQI	0.137 (0.09), p=0.14	1.15 (0.957, 1.38)
	BDI-s at baseline	0.165 (0.06), p=0.006	1.18 (1.05, 1.32)

Note. Group-based trajectory modeling, which uses a multinomial modeling technique, was used to test the association between PSQI and group membership, while adjusting for baseline BDI-s. Worse sleep quality is associated with a less favorable depression trajectory. The association between baseline PSQI and group membership is independent of baseline BDI-s when comparing rapid increasers to non-depressed. With one unit increase in PSQI, the odds of experiencing a rapid increase in depressive symptoms compared to no change increases by 39%.