Schematic illustrating the generalized design of the tissue-engineered graft containing scaffold material (cross-linked plasma), emulsified perfluorocarbon (represented by the smaller, darker circles) and human pancreatic islets (represented by the larger, lighter circles), and also highlighting boundary conditions used in the diffusion-reaction model. Symbols presented in this figure are defined in the Mathematical Modeling subsection of the Methods. 19F-MRS, fluorine magnetic resonance spectroscopy; LM, thickness of culture media layer; LS, thickness of scaffold; PA, ambient (and media surface) oxygen partial pressure (pO2); PS, average scaffold pO2; T1, spin lattice relaxation time; RS, radius of cylindrically shaped scaffold.