. 2016 Feb 17;11(2):e0147988. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0147988

Table 2. Changes in 5 key population parameters for each species at different ecotourism intensities.

Species (References) and Sites	IUCN Category	Tourism	CC %	AP %	AS %	AB %	JS %
Cheetah [36]	VU	Low			+1	⁺5¹	⁺1
Southern Africa		Med	+0.7²		⁺2	⁺10¹	⁺2
		High	+1.5²		⁺5	⁺10¹	⁺0
Vulture [34,50]	EN	Low			⁺10		⁺10
Spain		Med			⁺20		⁺20
		High			⁺30		⁺30
Tamarin [42]	EN	Low	⁺1	⁺0.02	-1		^-1
Brazil		Med	⁺5	⁺0.06	^-2		^-2
		High	⁺10	⁺0.08	^-5		^-5
Macaw [43,44]	EN	Low	⁺1				⁺2
Costa Rica		Med	⁺2				⁺5
		High	⁺5				⁺10
Gibbon [41]	EN	Low	⁺5
India		Med	⁺10
		High	⁺15		^-2
Penguin [45,46,51–54]	EN	Low			^-1		⁺2
Southern Africa		Med			^-5		⁺7
		High			^-10		⁺15
Orangutan [35,47]	CR	Low	⁺1	⁺0.2
Sumatra		Med	⁺5	⁺0.4
		High	⁺7	⁺0.8
Sealion [37,40,55]	EN	Low					^-1
New Zealand		Med					^-5
		High					^-10
Wild dog [48,49]	EN	Low	⁺5	⁺5³
Southern Africa		Med	⁺10	⁺10³
		High	⁺15	⁺20³

IUCN Categories: VU, Vulnerable; EN, Endangered; CR, Critically Endangered. CC, carrying capacity; AP, adult population; AS, adult survival, all adult age classes; AB, adults breeding; JS, juvenile survival.

¹, breeding females.

², reintroductions.

³, annual exchanges between subpopulations, no net addition.

+, increase in parameter.

-, decrease in parameter.

Figures show percentage changes for each. Full species names given in Table 3.