Table 3. Patients’ characteristics with respect to diabetic retinopathy.
| Variable | Global | Non DR | Non-VTDR | VTDR | p-valuea |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Female, n (%) | 12,520 (44.2) | 11,089 (44.3) | 1,316 (43.8) | 115 (40.2) | 0.345 |
| Hypertension, n (%) | 22,971 (81.0) | 20,141 (80.4) | 2,589 (86.1) | 241 (84.3) | <0.001 |
| Any cardiovascular disease, b n (%) | 3,969 (14.0) | 3,347 (13.4) | 553 (18.4) | 69 (24.1) | <0.001 |
| Coronary heart disease, n (%) | 3,048 (10.8) | 2,602 (10.4) | 396 (13.2) | 50 (17.5) | <0.001 |
| Stroke, n (%) | 1,148 (4.1) | 935 (3.7) | 187 (6.2) | 26 (9.1) | <0.001 |
| Insulin treatment, n (%) | 4,737 (20.0) | 3,529 (17.1) | 1,067 (38.8) | 141 (52.8) | <0.001 |
| Age DM2 (years), mean (SD) | 58.8(10.5) | 58.8 (10.4) | 58.1 (11.2) | 58.4 (11.6) | <0.001 |
| Age at retinography (years), mean (SD) | 65.7(10.7) | 65.6 (10.6) | 67.1 (10.8) | 67.9 (10.9) | <0.001 |
| Diabetes duration (years), mean (SD) | 7.0 (5.2) | 6.7 (5.0) | 9.0 (5.8) | 9.5 (5.8) | <0.001 |
| A1C (%), mean (SD) | 7.4 (1.4) | 7.3 (1.3) | 7.9 (1.6) | 8.2 (1.7) | <0.001 |
| Non-HDL cholesterol (mg/dL), mean (SD) | 137.3(35.2) | 137.8 (35.0) | 133.0 (35.5) | 133.9 (40.1) | <0.001 |
| Hemoglobin (g/dL), mean (SD) | 14.0 (1.5) | 14.0 (1.5) | 13.7 (1.6) | 13.7 (1.8) | <0.001 |
| SBP (mmHg), mean (SD) | 134.9(12.6) | 134.6 (12.5) | 137.4 (13.6) | 138.2 (12.7) | <0.001 |
| DBP (mmHg), mean (SD) | 76.4 (8.3) | 76.5 (8.3) | 75.7 (8.5) | 75.0 (8.3) | <0.001 |
| Heart Rate (bpm), mean (SD) | 76.1 (12.1) | 76.0 (12.1) | 76.9 (12.1) | 78.2 (12.3) | <0.001 |
a P value for comparison of groups by glomerular filtration rate with Pearson’s chi-square test for qualitative variables and t-test for the quantitative ones.
b Any cardiovascular disease includes coronary heart disease and/or stroke
A1C, glycated hemoglobin; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; DR: diabetic retinopathy; SBP, systolic blood pressure; VTDR, Vision Threatening Diabetic Retinopathy.