Table 1. Average of essential oil composition and yield of Copaifera langsdorffii Desf. from a semideciduous seasonal forest at 6:00 am and 5:00 pm during the wet and dry seasons.
| Compounds (%) | Wet season | Dry season | RI exp | RI lit | Method of identification | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 6:00 am | 5:00 pm | t-test | 6:00 am | 5:00 pm | t-test | ||||
| Non-oxygenated sesquiterpenes | |||||||||
| α-Copaene | 0.24 ± 0.04 | 0.34 ± 0.13 | ns | tr | 1.49 ± 0.62 | - | 1373 | 1376 | MS, RI |
| β-Elemene | 0.79 ± 0.29 | 0.82 ± 0.14 | ns | tr | 1.21 ± 0.50 | - | 1389 | 1391 | MS, RI |
| β –Caryophyllene | 5.47 ± 6.19 | 2.15 ± 0.79 | ns | 1.07 ± 0.77 | 9.02 ± 0.17 | * | 1416 | 1418 | MS, RI |
| γ-Gurjunene | tr | tr | - | tr | 0.29 ± 0.05 | - | 1426 | 1432 | MS, RI |
| γ-Elemene | tr | tr | - | tr | tr | - | 1436 | 1439 | MS, RI |
| α –Humulene | 0.88 ± 0.89 | 0.40 ± 0.07 | ns | tr | 1.30 ± 0.14 | - | 1450 | 1454 | MS, RI |
| γ-Muurolene | 0.56 ±0.26 | 0.54 ± 0.10 | ns | 0.40 ± 0.37 | 1.31 ± 0.09 | * | 1476 | 1477 | MS, RI |
| Germacrene D | 14.11 ± 14.88 | 7.73 ± 4.98 | ns | 4.01 ± 4.44 | 17.99 ± 4.35 | * | 1478 | 1480 | MS, RI |
| Bicyclogermacrene | 4.72 ± 5.33 | 2.33 ± 1.14 | ns | 1.51 ± 1.86 | 5.68 ± 0.91 | * | 1495 | 1494 | MS, RI |
| α –Muurolene | 0.54 ± 0.55 | 0.26 ± 0.06 | ns | 0.47 ± 0.48 | 1.38 ± 0.09 | * | 1497 | 1499 | MS, RI |
| γ-Cadinene | 0.63 ± 0.27 | 0.51 ± 0.09 | ns | 0.79 ± 0.54 | 1.31 ± 0.17 | ns | 1512 | 1513 | MS, RI |
| δ-Cadinene | 3.07 ± 2.12 | 1.80 ± 0.67 | ns | 1.75 ± 1.75 | 2.72 ± 0.33 | ns | 1522 | 1524 | MS, RI |
| Germacrene B | 1.48 ± 0.64 | 1.72 ± 0.09 | ns | 1.36 ± 0.31 | 1.80 ± 1.49 | ns | 1557 | 1556 | MS, RI |
| Oxygenated sesquiterpenes | |||||||||
| Spathulenol | 27.39 ± 16.31 | 35.65 ± 3.54 | ns | 25.90 ± 12.28 | 12.55 ± 11.11 | ns | 1576 | 1576 | MS, RI |
| Caryophyllene oxide | 14.49 ± 7.03 | 16.32 ± 3.63 | ns | 16.55 ± 5.56 | 7.40 ± 1.14 | ns | 1581 | 1581 | MS, RI |
| Humulene epoxy II | 2.12 ± 1.46 | 2.59 ± 0.04 | ns | 2.63 ± 0.40 | 1.73 ± 0.08 | * | 1604 | 1606 | MS, RI |
| α-Cadinol | 3.25 ± 0.99 | 3.2 ± 0.46 | ns | 7.93 ± 4.54 | 5.24 ± 0.94 | ns | 1650 | 1653 | MS, RI |
| Non-oxygenated sesquiterpenes | 32.49 | 18.60 | 11.36 | 45.50 | |||||
| Oxygenated sesquiterpenes | 47.25 | 57.76 | 53.01 | 26.92 | |||||
| Ratio (Non-oxygenated sesquiterpenes/Oxygenated sesquiterpenes) | 0.69 | 0.32 | 0.21 | 1.69 | |||||
| Yield of essential oils (%) | 0.04 ± 0.02 | 0.04 ± 0.03 | ns | 0.03 ± 0.01 | 0.05 ± 0.04 | ns | |||
RIexp.: experimental Retention Index. RI lit.: Retention Index found on literature. tr: trace amount (≤ 0.001). MS, identification based on comparison of mass spectra. RI, identification based on retention index.
*p ≤ 0.05 (statistical significance).
ns: non-significant.