Table 1.
The potential of filamentous fungi as CBP agents
| Organism | Number of strains tested | Theoretical ethanol yield from biomass (%)a | Reference | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Cellulose | Other lignocellulose | Glucose | Xylose | |||
| Aspergillus awamori | 2 | 1.5–1.1 | – | 28.2–23.5 | 5.4–3.5 | Skory et al. (1997) |
| A. foetidus | 1 | 1.1 | – | 20.3 | 13.3 | Skory et al. (1997) |
| A. niger | 1 | 0.7 | – | 22.3 | 4.7 | Skory et al. (1997) |
| A. oryzae | 4 | 3.1–2.3 | – | 95.6–62.3 | 18.4–10.1 | Skory et al. (1997) |
| A. sojae | 6 | 1.5–2.7 | – | 56.4–31.3 | 21.1–8.2 | Skory et al. (1997) |
| A. tamari | 5 | 2.3–0.3 | – | 72.9–38.4 | 13.7–11.3 | Skory et al. (1997) |
| Fusarium oxysporum | 3 | 89.2 (alkali-treated) | – | 80 | 48 | Christakopoulos et al. (1989) |
| F. oxysporum | 1 | – | 83 (ball milled wheat straw); 67 (alkali treated wheat straw) | – | – | Christakopoulos et al. (1991a, b) |
| F. oxysporum | 17 | 19.7 (untreated wheat straw); 80.2 (alkali treated wheat straw) | Ali et al. (2012b) | |||
| Flammulina velutipes | 1 | – | 57.2 (sweet sorghums) | – | – | Mizuno et al. (2009) |
| Fomitopsis palustris | 1 | 88.2 (cellobiose) | – | 90.2 | – | Okamoto et al. (2011b) |
| Gloeophyllum trabeum | 1 | 10.4 (pretreated corn fiber) | – | – | Rasmussen et al. (2010) | |
| Mucor indicus | 1 | 61 (avicel) | 68 (rice straw) | – | – | Karimi et al. (2006) |
| Monilia sp. | 1 | 60 | – | – | – | Gong et al. (1981) |
| Mucor hiemalis | 1 | – | 80 (pretreated sweet sorghum bagasse) | – | – | Goshadrou et al. (2011) |
| Neurospora crassa | 1 | 60 | – | – | – | Rao et al. (1983) |
| N. crassa | 1 | 100 (avicel) 91 (alkali-treated) | 54 (alkali treated sugarcane bagasse) | 96.9 | 64.2 | Deshpande et al. (1986) |
| N. crassa | 1 | – | 11.76 (sorghum bagasse) | – | – | Dogaris et al. (2009) |
| Phanerochaete chrysosporium | 1 | – | 6.8 (corn fiber) | – | – | Shrestha et al. (2010) |
| Phlebia sp. | 1 | 65.7 (alkali treated sugarcane bagasse) | Khuong et al. (2014) | |||
| Paecilomyces sp. | 1 | 18 (wheat bran and brewers spent grain mix) | 61.8 | 82 | Zerva et al. (2014) | |
| Paecilomyces sp. | 1 | 78.4 | – | – | 78 | Wu (1989) |
| Rhizopus javanicus | 3 | 5–1.9 | – | 92.1–48.6 | 45.8–6.6 | Skory et al. (1997) |
| R. oryzae | 6 | 5.4–.7 | – | 99.5–58.4 | 42.3–3.9 | Skory et al. (1997) |
| R. oryzae | 1 | 76 (avicel) | 74 (rice straw) | – | – | Karimi et al. (2006) |
| Trichoderma harzianum | 1 | 7.8 | – | 19.6 | 2.3 | Stevenson and Weimer (2002) |
| T. reesei | 1 | – | 14.5 (corn fiber) | – | – | Shrestha et al. (2010) |
| Trametes hirsuta | 1 | – | 78.8 (wheat bran), 57.4 (rice straw) | 96 | 86.2 | Okamoto et al. (2011a) |
aMaximum theoretical yield was calculated based on the fact that 0.51 g ethanol and 0.49 g of CO2 are yielded from 1 g of glucose. The % theoretical yield was calculated based on the sugar content of lignocellulosic material. When sugar content was not mentioned in the original reference, it is calculated based on average composition of lignocellulose which can theoretically produce 0.336 g ethanol g−1 of biomass (Szczodrak 1988)