Table 2.

Relationships between (disease-related) parenting stress, the OKI-DO domains and child (health) outcomes

		0–5 years			6–7 years
	HbA1c	Generic QoL		DSQoL	Generic QoL		DSQoL
		Health related	Psycho-social	Total	Health related	Psycho-social	Total
	r	r	r	r	r	r	r
Parenting stress
General total	0.12	−0.13	−0.18	−0.42**	−0.53**	−0.56**	−0.70**
Disease-related frequency total	−0.15	−0.19	−0.18	−0.39*	−0.56**	−0.40*	−0.69**
Disease-related difficulty total	−0.09	−0.16	−0.10	−0.33	−0.52*	−0.27	−0.70**
Parent–child interaction
Emotional involvement	0.23*	−0.12	0.13	−0.04	0.02	−0.01	0.25
Limit setting	0.08	−0.17	0.07	0.03	−0.13	−0.12	0.02
Respect for autonomy	−0.05	−0.17	−0.11	−0.22	0.08	0.19	0.23
Quality of instruction	−0.12	−0.16	−0.08	0.02	0.13	0.41*	0.19
Negative behavior	0.03	0.20	0.08	0.26	0.35	0.22	0.15
Avoidance	−0.02	0.15	0.16	0.08	−0.06	−0.30	−0.16
Cooperative behavior	0.11	−0.12	0.03	−0.02	0.18	−0.05	0.16
Child’s response to injection	0.23*	−0.16	−0.01	−0.14	0.03	−0.32	−0.13
Emphasis on diabetes	0.14	0.07	0.22	0.36*	0.24	0.08	−0.10
Mealtime structure	−0.02	−0.19	−0.10	−0.11	−0.25	−0.19	−0.07

*p < .05; **p < .01