Table 1.
Prevalence of hepatitis B virus infection in healthcare workers
| Ref. | Year of enrollment | Country | No. of subjects | Type of study | HBsAg positive, n (%) | Anti-HBc positive, n (%) |
| Elzouki et al[54] | 2008 | Libya | 601 | Cross-sectional | 11 (1.8) | 51 (8.5) |
| Alqahtani et al[55] | NR | Saudi Arabia | 300 | Cross-sectional | 1 (0.3) | 25 (8) |
| Arguillas et al[56] | 1990 | Philippines | 123 | Case-control | 8 (6.5) | 81 (65.8) |
| Aziz et al[57] | NR | Pakistan | 250 | Cross-sectional | 6 (2.4) | |
| Butsashvili [58] | 2006 | Georgia | 1386 | Cross-sectional | 28 (2) | 402 (29) |
| Fisker et al[59] | 1998 | Denmark | 960 | Cross-sectional | 14 (1.5) | |
| Fritzsche et al[60] | 2011 | Cameroon | 237 | Cross-sectional | 15 (6.3) | 174 (73.4) |
| Kateera et al[61] | 2013 | Rwanda | 378 | Cross-sectional | 11 (2.9) | |
| Kondili et al[62] | 2004 | Albania | 480 | Cross-sectional | 39 (8.1) | 338 (70) |
| Calleja-Panero et al[63] | 2007-2010 | Spain | 4986 | Cross sectional | 36 (0.77) | |
| Ozsoy et al[64] | 1998 | Turkey | 702 | Case-control | 21 (3) | |
| Petrosillo et al[65] | 1985 | Italy | 5813 | Cross-sectional | 108 (1.8) | |
| Rehman et al[66] | 1996 | Pakistan | 95 | Case-control | 5 (5) | 27 (28) |
| Rybacki et al[67] | 2009 | Poland | 520 | Cross-sectional | 6 (1.2) | 99 (19) |
| Sarwar et al[68] | 2006 | Pakistan | 125 | Cross-sectional | 3 (2.4) | |
| Slusarczyk et al[69] | 2008 | Poland | 961 | Cross-sectional | 4 (0.4)1 | 151 (15.7) |
| Thomas et al[70] | 1991 | United States | 943 | Case-control | 1 (0.1) | 59 (6.2) |
| Ciorlia et al[71] | 1994-1999 | Brazil | 1433 | Cross-sectional | 11 (0.8) |
1
Hepatitis B virus-DNA positivity in anti-HBc-positive subjects. NR: Not reported; HBsAg: Hepatitis B surface antigen; Anti-HBc: Hepatitis B virus core antigen.