Figure 1.

Schematic illustration of a mechanism in which autophagy enhances antifungal immune responses by sequestering A20. Numbers in the figure indicate steps from fungal detection to killing by hosts and correspond to the following events: (1) detection of C. albicans by PRRs, such as dectin-1 and TLR2, expressed on F4/80^hi tissue-resident macrophages; (2) autophagy induction and sequestration of A20 in autophagosomes, and A20 delivery to autophagosomes by p62; (3) IKKγ ubiquitination by sequestering A20; (4) enhancement of NFκB activity; (5) increased chemokine production; (6) recruitment of neutrophils to infected sites (i.e., where the responding tissue-resident macrophages are located); and (7) Killing of fungi by neutrophils.