FIGURE 4.

A schematic diagram of MES effects on root growth. MES disturbs ROS-generating pathway in the root apex, possibly via enzymes (e.g., peroxidases), affecting the root apex zonation. The ROS (${\mathrm{O}}_{\mathrm{2}}^{\mathrm{•}\mathrm{-}}$) is involved in root hair formation, root growth and root tropisms.