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. 2016 Feb 18;7:229. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2016.00229

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Copyright © 2016 Qi, Gao, Guan, Liu and Yang.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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The time courses of the averaged subjective ratings of state anxiety (A), negative affect (B), self-reported stress (C) and salivary cortisol levels (D). The level of subjective stress was higher for the stress than control condition. The level of cortisol was obviously increased after the stress condition, and then decreased sharply after the control condition. Note that the peak in the salivary cortisol level lags behind the other measures. Error bars represent the standard error of the mean. ^∗p < 0.05, ^∗∗p < 0.01, ^∗∗∗p < 0.001.