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. 2016 Feb 18;7:75. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2016.00075

FIGURE 9.

FIGURE 9

Hydrothermal flanges at Big Pagoda. This large hydrothermal edifice, visited during dive 4574 on December 5, 2009, is termed “Big Pagoda” in reference to its flanges that are spreading like protruding pagoda roofs at the top of this structure. Scale bars correspond to 10 cm. (A) Composite image of Pagoda showing the flanges emerging from the top of the massive hydrothermal edifice, its trunk overgrown with microbial mats and Riftia clusters. The top section of this image has heading 172; depth 1979.7 m, GMT 16:37:05, and bottom image section has Alvin heading 179, depth 1980 m, GMT 16:36:35. (B) Close-up of faunal assemblage on Pagoda trunk, with Riftia clusters, orange and white Beggiatoa mats, and a profusion of grazing scale worms. GMT 16:44:43. (C) Top-down view of spreading flange, GMT 16:37:36. Photos (B,C) were taken with Alvin’s still photo camera. (D) Side view of Pagoda top, with the same flange in the foreground. Alvin heading 156, depth 1979 m, GMT 16:38:05. (E) View of protruding flange section from below, as it emerges from the base of the hydrothermal edifice on the left. Alvin heading 23, depth 1980.3 m, GMT 16:43:05. Photographs courtesy of Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, from RV Atlantis cruise AT 15-56.