Figure 1. Laboratory results.

Experimental results (circles and dashed line) for the upper-surface depth (relative to the ice surface) of a sinking englacial meteorite as time progresses, where the samples are exposed to solar warming from above the ice. Two sets of results for an (a) ordinary chondrite and (b) iron meteorite. These data points have a measurement error of under ±1 mm. The solid lines represent the corresponding results of our energy balance model, solved using laboratory parameter values (see the Methods section).