Figure 1.

Significant costs of resistance (denoted with an asterisk; *), and infection (universal except for mean clutch size of D. mendotae) with respect to three host fitness measures (mean ± 1SE). Mean clutch size and total reproduction were quantified as the number of offspring per clutch and the total number of offspring an individual produced after infection challenge. Lifespan was scored as total lifespan of the host. Host susceptibility, defined as the fraction of hosts exposed to the pathogen that became infected, is given in parentheses next to the host species name.