Fig. 2.

ER-α physically associates with and induces the transcriptional activity of Dlx3. HEK293 cells were transfected with Myc-tagged Dlx3 and HA-tagged ER-α (A) or with HA-tagged ER-α and GFP-tagged Dlx3 (B), and the cell lysates were subjected to immunoprecipitation using an anti-Myc antibody and Protein A-Sepharose beads. The immunoprecipitated proteins were then analyzed using immunoblotting. (C) HEK293 cells were transfected with pCMV-β-gal and a DRE-Luc reporter vector along with the indicated combinations of Dlx3 and ER-α. Luciferase activity was then measured after 36 h. Data are expressed as means ± SEM of at least three experiments. ^*p < 0.05 by Student’s t-test. (D and E) HEK293 cells were transfected with pCMV-β-gal, DRE-Luc (D), or ERE-Luc (E) reporter vectors along with the indicated combinations of Dlx3 and ER-α. Transfected cells were treated for 12 h with estradiol (E2) and luciferase activity was then measured. Data are expressed as means ± SEM of at least three experiments. NS, not significant by Student’s t-test.