BPA increases adipogenesis in ASCs through an estrogen receptor (ER)-dependent mechanism. (A) Induction of ERα and ERβ was measured in pooled ASCs (n=3) treated with either 1 μM BPA or DMSO vehicle in fat differentiation media for 7, 14, or 21 days. (B) Oil Red O staining of 14-day DMSO vehicle-treated pooled ASC donors (n=3). (C) Staining of 14-day 1 μM BPA-treated ASCs (n=3). (D) Staining of 14-day 100 nM ICI 182 780-treated ASCs (n=3). (E) Oil Red O staining of 14-day 100 nM ICI- and 1 μM BPA-treated ASCs (n=3). (F) Quantification of destained ASCs (n=3) following treatment with either vehicle, 1 μM BPA, 100 nM ICI, or logarithmic increments of BPA from 100 pM to 10 μM and 100 nM ICI. Bars, ±s.d. ****P<0.0001, ***P<0.001, **P<0.01, and *P<0.05. A full colour version of this figure is available via http://dx.doi.org/10.1530/JME-14-0052.