Table 3.
Selected characteristics by race/ethnicity and diabetes status
Pooled NHANES III and NHANES 1999–2004 cohort age 65 years and older
| Characteristic | Non-Hispanic white | Non-Hispanic black | Mexican American | Race x characteristic interaction | Race main effect | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
|
||||||||
| Mean or percent* | SE | Mean or percent* | SE | Mean or percent* | SE | p value | p value | |
| By diabetes status: | ||||||||
| Sample size (n) | ||||||||
| Diagnosed diabetes | 398 | -- | 178 | -- | 226 | -- | -- | -- |
| No diabetes | 2554 | -- | 631 | -- | 601 | -- | ||
| Incident non-skull fracture (%) | -- | |||||||
| Diagnosed diabetes | 13.6 | 1.87 | 10.7 | 2.49 | 16.1 | 3.13 | 0.03 | |
| No diabetes | 16.5 | 0.88 | 7.7 | 0.98 | 8.0 | 1.58 | ||
| Age at baseline (years) | ||||||||
| Diagnosed diabetes | 73.3 | 0.32 | 73.1 | 0.52 | 71.5 | 0.50 | 0.65 | -- |
| No diabetes | 73.7 | 0.18 | 73.0 | 0.35 | 72.1 | 0.30 | ||
| BMI (kg/m2) | ||||||||
| Diagnosed diabetes | 29.5 | 0.41 | 30.9 | 0.54 | 28.4 | 0.50 | 0.63 | -- |
| No diabetes | 26.8 | 0.12 | 28.1 | 0.26 | 27.4 | 0.26 | ||
| Female (%) | ||||||||
| Diagnosed diabetes | 55.3 | 2.91 | 63.5 | 3.77 | 56.5 | 4.00 | 0.21 | -- |
| No diabetes | 54.9 | 0.89 | 56.7 | 2.03 | 48.3 | 2.29 | ||
| Ever smoked (%) | ||||||||
| Diagnosed diabetes | 56.7 | 3.19 | 45.0 | 4.70 | 43.7 | 3.45 | 0.13 | -- |
| No diabetes | 52.0 | 1.19 | 45.9 | 2.01 | 54.2 | 2.68 | ||
| Fair/poor health (%) | ||||||||
| Diagnosed diabetes | 41.9 | 2.96 | 60.4 | 3.95 | 67.2 | 3.36 | 0.20 | -- |
| No diabetes | 22.3 | 1.02 | 40.7 | 2.30 | 40.0 | 2.81 | ||
| Less physical activity than others of same age and sex (%) | ||||||||
| Diagnosed diabetes | 21.9 | 2.21 | 28.8 | 4.13 | 26.7 | 2.99 | 0.93 | -- |
| No diabetes | 10.1 | 0.69 | 17.4 | 1.79 | 16.2 | 1.49 | ||
| One or more hospital stays in past year (%) | ||||||||
| Diagnosed diabetes | 55.5 | 3.26 | 47.1 | 4.54 | 58.2 | 4.83 | 0.57 | -- |
| No diabetes | 45.1 | 2.12 | 44.6 | 3.09 | 53.9 | 5.00 | ||
| Persons with diabetes only*: | ||||||||
| A1C (%) | 7.3 | 0.12 | 7.4 | 0.15 | 7.6 | 0.17 | -- | 0.37 |
| Age at diabetes diagnosis (years) | 59.6a,b | 0.84 | 56.7a | 1.18 | 56.9b | 0.85 | -- | 0.03 |
| Duration of diagnosed diabetes (years) | 13.7a | 0.76 | 16.3a | 1.13 | 14.6 | 0.86 | -- | 0.05 |
| Undiagnosed diabetes† (%) | 25.4a.b | 2.75 | 37.6a,c | 3.93 | 18.2b,c | 2.96 | -- | 0.001 |
| Lower glycemic level‡ (%) | 49.3 | 3.05 | 49.6 | 4.15 | 57.0 | 3.71 | -- | 0.22 |
| Type of treatment (%) | -- | |||||||
| Insulin only | 22.7a,b | 2.39 | 38.3a | 3.47 | 13.5b | 3.29 | 0.001 | |
| Oral medication only | 50.4 | 3.07 | 36.4 | 3.77 | 60.5 | 4.45 | ||
| Insulin and oral medication | 6.6 | 1.48 | 8.1§ | 2.74§ | 8.2§ | 1.85§ | ||
| Neither insulin or oral medication | 20.3 | 2.49 | 17.9 | 3.35 | 17.9 | 3.35 | ||
SE=standard error
--Not applicable
*
Means or percents sharing common letter superscripts differ significantly, p<0.05
†
A1C ≥ 6.5% in those without diagnosed diabetes
‡
Diagnosed diabetes with A1C < 7.0%
§
may be statistically unreliable, percent/standard error > 30%.