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. 2015 Aug 21;71(3):385–390. doi: 10.1093/gerona/glv136

Table 2.

Associations of Foot Symptoms, Foot Structure, and Foot Function with Leg Muscle Mass / Height2

Men Women
Model Category Beta (SE) p Value Beta (SE) p Value
Foot symptoms Crude Symptoms present 0.056 (0.075) .45 0.091 (0.048) .06
+ Age, BMI Symptoms present −0.010 (0.054) .85 −0.038 (0.024) .11
+ Race Symptoms present −0.012 (0.044) .79 −0.001 (0.022) .98
Foot structure Crude High arch −0.184 (0.047) <.001 −0.336 (0.031) <.001
Flat arch 0.383 (0.056) <.001 0.449 (0.037) <.001
+ Age, BMI High arch −0.038 (0.030) .20 −0.071 (0.020) .001
Flat arch 0.211 (0.041) <.001 0.116 (0.021) <.001
+ Race High arch 0.014 (0.030) .63 −0.030 (0.020) .12
Flat arch 0.079 (0.038) .04 0.044 (0.019) .02
Foot function Crude Pronated −0.042 (0.066) .52 −0.099 (0.042) .02
Supinated −0.025 (0.055) .65 −0.030 (0.042) .47
+ Age, BMI Pronated −0.042 (0.054) .44 −0.001 (0.024) .98
Supinated −0.061 (0.033) .07 0.017 (0.020) .38
+ Race Pronated −0.058 (0.046) .20 −0.025 (0.021) .22
Supinated −0.052 (0.030) .08 −0.001 (0.018) .98

Note: BMI = body mass index.