Table 1.
Patients' characteristics.
| Demographics and disease history | %/(range) | |
|---|---|---|
| Total N | 55 | 100% |
| Sex | ||
| Male | 28 | 50.9% |
| Female | 27 | 49.1% |
| Age, year | ||
| Median | 67.3 | (34.0–82.6) |
| ≤65 | 25 | 45.5% |
| >65 | 30 | 54.5% |
| Months from diagnosis to 1st therapy | ||
| Median | 10 | (0.8–64.4) |
| Karnofsky index, n = 47 | ||
| Median | 70 | (60–100) |
| 60 | 9 | 16.4% |
| 70 | 13 | 23.4% |
| 80 | 14 | 25.6% |
| 90 | 17 | 31.0% |
| 100 | 2 | 3.6% |
| ECOG index, n = 47 | ||
| Median | 1 | (0–2) |
| 0 | 19 | 34.6% |
| 1 | 27 | 49.0% |
| 2 | 9 | 16.4% |
| Prior liver-directed treatment (n) | ||
| Any | 21 | 38.2% |
| Resection | 15 | 27.3% |
| Intraoperative RFA | 3 | 5.5% |
| TACE | 2 | 3.6% |
| RFA | 1 | 1.8% |
| Prior chemotherapy (n) | ||
| Yes | 21 | 38.2% |
| No | 34 | 61.8% |
| Prior chemotherapy lines (n) | ||
| One | 17 | 30.9% |
| Two | 2 | 3.6% |
| >two | 2 | 3.6% |
| Median | 1 | (1–5) |
| Prior chemotherapy agents (n) | ||
| Gemcitabine | 19 | 34.5% |
| Oxaliplatin | 12 | 21.8% |
| Capecitabine | 8 | 14.5% |
| 5-FU/FA | 4 | 7.3% |
| Cisplatin | 3 | 5.5% |
| Others∗ | 9 | 16.4% |
| T-stage (n) | ||
| T1 | 21 | 38.2% |
| T2 | 12 | 21.8% |
| T3 | 21 | 38.2% |
| T4 | 1 | 1.8% |
| Overall tumor stage (UICC∗∗) (n) at first diagnosis |
||
| Stage I | 17 | 30.9% |
| Stage II | 3 | 5.5% |
| Stage IIIa | 3 | 5.5% |
| Stage IIIb | 0 | 0% |
| Stage IIIc | 21 | 38.2% |
| Stage IV | 5 | 9.1% |
| No information available | 6 | 10.9% |
| Overall tumor stage (UICC∗∗) (n) at first local therapy in Magdeburg |
||
| Stage I | 11 | 20.0% |
| Stage II | 5 | 9.1% |
| Stage IIIa | 3 | 5.5% |
| Stage IIIb | 0 | 0% |
| Stage IIIc | 22 | 40.0% |
| Stage IV | 14 | 25.5% |
| CEA | ||
| Median, range [ng/mL] | 2.6 | (0.3–391.7) |
| Elevated, >3.4 ng/mL (n) | 23 | 41.8% |
| Not elevated (n) | 32 | 58.2% |
| CA 19–9 | ||
| Median, range [U/mL] | 66 | (0.6–72.9) |
| Elevated, >39.9 U/mL (n) | 34 | 61.8% |
| Not elevated (n) | 21 | 38.2% |
| Tumor load | ||
| Median, range (%) | 8 | (2–80) |
| Tumor size | ||
| Median, range (mm) | 45 | (14–189) |
| Extent of disease (n) | ||
| Bilobar | 32 | 58.2% |
| Unilobar | 23 | 41.8% |
| Extrahepatic metastases (n) | ||
| All | 36 | 65.5% |
| Lymph node metastases | 32 | 58.2% |
| Peritoneal metastases | 8 | 14.5% |
| Pulmonary metastases | 5 | 9.1% |
| Bone metastases | 2 | 3.6% |
| Concomitant liver disease (n) | ||
| Vascular infiltration | 21 | 38.2% |
| Cirrhosis | 20 | 36.4% |
| Biliary obstruction | 18 | 32.7% |
| Portal vein thrombosis | 10 | 18.2% |
| Ascites | 7 | 12.7% |
| Therapies and combinations of therapies (n) | ||
| HDR-BT | 19 | 34.5% |
| RE | 5 | 9.1% |
| TACE | 2 | 3.6% |
| RFA | 1 | 1.8% |
| HDR-BT & ivCTX | 11 | 20.0% |
| HDR-BT & iaCTX | 6 | 10.9% |
| HDR-BT & RE | 3 | 5.5% |
| HDR-BT & RFA | 2 | 3.6% |
| HDR-BT & iaCTX & ivCTX | 2 | 3.6% |
| HDR-BT & RE & ivCTX | 2 | 3.6% |
| TACE & ivCTX | 1 | 1.8% |
| RE & iaCTX | 1 | 1.8% |
∗Irinotecan (n = 1), taxotere (n = 1), bevacizumab (n = 1), erlotinib (n = 1), mitomycin C (n = 1), cetuximab (n = 2), and sorafenib (n = 2).
∗∗Acc. to UICC Edition 6, stage I disease is a solitary tumor without vascular involvement; stage II disease is a solitary tumor with vascular invasion or multiple tumors <5 cm; stage IIIa disease is multiple tumors >5 cm with or without vascular invasion; stage IIIb disease is perforation of the peritoneum or infiltration of adjacent organs; stage IIIc disease is any tumor with regional lymph node metastasis; and stage IV disease is any tumor with distant metastasis.