Table 2.
Associations between deprivation and alcohol harm paradox variables stratified by alcohol consumption
| Alcohol harm paradox variables | Deprived | n | All | Alcohol consumption category | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Minimal consumer | Lower risk | Increased risk | Higher risk | Never drank | Ex-drinker | ||||
| Combined health challenges | |||||||||
| Current smoker % | No | 4041 | 12.1 | 12.1 | 10.1 | 12.4 | 19.1 | 9.6 | 16.4 |
| Yes | 1966 | 21.0 | 18.8 | 19.0 | 29.9 | 45.8 | 10.4 | 23.5 | |
| P | <0.001 | 0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | 0.801 | 0.003 | ||
| < =1 portion fruit or veg/day % | No | 4037 | 8.5 | 8.8 | 6.5 | 5.0 | 17.1 | 13.5 | 13.2 |
| Yes | 1967 | 16.2 | 12.7 | 12.7 | 14.4 | 40.7 | 21.2 | 20.5 | |
| P | <0.001 | 0.032 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | 0.064 | 0.001 | ||
| < 1 exercise session/week % | No | 4037 | 27.4 | 31.3 | 21.8 | 19.1 | 23.8 | 39.3 | 40.6 |
| Yes | 1967 | 33.5 | 37.6 | 25.1 | 23.6 | 39.0 | 33.5 | 45.7 | |
| P | <0.001 | 0.023 | 0.087 | 0.210 | 0.040 | 0.312 | 0.091 | ||
| Overweight BMI >25 % | No | 3757 | 51.5 | 52.8 | 48.4 | 51.9 | 60.2 | 48.3 | 57.0 |
| Yes | 1806 | 60.2 | 65.0 | 56.3 | 63.4 | 58.3 | 51.8 | 63.3 | |
| P | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | 0.011 | 0.816 | 0.560 | 0.044 | ||
| Drinking patternsa | |||||||||
| Average session binge % | No | 3640 | 17.9 | 1.0 | 16.5 | 36.0 | 87.6 | ||
| Yes | 911 | 25.0 | 2.0 | 27.1 | 51.7 | 91.7 | |||
| P | <0.001 | 0.111 | <0.001 | <0.001 | 0.422 | ||||
| Typically drink wine % | No | 3189 | 64.0 | 54.9 | 65.2 | 74.8 | 63.8 | ||
| Yes | 1362 | 47.9 | 47.1 | 48.4 | 54.6 | 30.0 | |||
| P | <0.001 | 0.008 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | ||||
| Typically drink spirits % | No | 3189 | 16.4 | 16.7 | 15.7 | 16.5 | 24.8 | ||
| Yes | 1362 | 22.6 | 22.2 | 22.3 | 21.3 | 33.3 | |||
| P | <0.001 | 0.017 | <0.001 | 0.168 | 0.280 | ||||
| Typically drink beer/cider % | No | 3189 | 26.5 | 18.3 | 28.0 | 30.3 | 47.6 | ||
| Yes | 1362 | 34.6 | 21.7 | 37.3 | 48.9 | 56.7 | |||
| P | <0.001 | 0.136 | <0.001 | <0.001 | 0.263 | ||||
| > =5 units/week underestimate % | No | 3189 | 16.0 | 3.4 | 16.8 | 31.7 | 28.6 | ||
| Yes | 1362 | 13.5 | 2.0 | 16.3 | 25.9 | 30.0 | |||
| P | 0.031 | 0.180 | 0.800 | 0.153 | 0.860 | ||||
| Drinking historiesb | |||||||||
| Regular drinker <18 years % | No | 3501 | 41.8 | 40.4 | 41.4 | 47.0 | 58.1 | 36.4 | |
| Yes | 1581 | 43.4 | 37.8 | 46.4 | 48.0 | 61.0 | 37.6 | ||
| P | 0.284 | 0.410 | 0.025 | 0.830 | 0.715 | 0.721 | |||
| Drunk <18 years % | No | 3196 | 43.2 | 35.4 | 45.2 | 51.0 | 57.1 | 35.8 | |
| Yes | 1470 | 45.1 | 38.4 | 49.8 | 51.8 | 60.0 | 35.9 | ||
| P | 0.226 | 0.352 | 0.053 | 0.852 | 0.728 | 0.975 | |||
| Frequent drinking history % | No | 3381 | 4.8 | 1.2 | 5.2 | 9.4 | 6.6 | 4.3 | |
| Yes | 1511 | 4.9 | 1.3 | 5.2 | 15.3 | 9.1 | 3.5 | ||
| P | 0.838 | 0.889 | 0.998 | 0.049 | 0.728 | 0.522 | |||
| Drunken/bingeing history % | No | 3397 | 13.3 | 7.3 | 14.6 | 20.7 | 31.5 | 9.8 | |
| Yes | 1511 | 15.4 | 6.3 | 19.1 | 35.1 | 40.0 | 8.9 | ||
| P | 0.052 | 0.549 | 0.013 | <0.001 | 0.325 | 0.650 | |||
aAnalysis possible only for current drinkers. bAnalysis possible only for ex and current drinkers; For definitions of each alcohol harm paradox variable please see methodology. Consumption categories are defined as in Table 1. Frequent drinking and drunken/bingeing histories are limited to individuals aged 35 years or more at interview. One unit is approximately 8 g of pure alcohol