Table 1.
Stages of Activity Limitation and Beneficiary Characteristics in the Medicare population of the 2001-2011 Medicare Current Beneficiary Survey Sample.
| Covariates | N | Expected N in Population (millions) | Weighted percent % |
|---|---|---|---|
| Activity of daily living stages | 42560 | 132.2 | |
| Stage 0 | 29236 | 95.7 | 72.3 |
| Stage I | 6859 | 19.5 | 14.7 |
| Stage II | 3389 | 8.9 | 6.8 |
| Stage III | 2580 | 7.0 | 5.3 |
| Stage IV | 496 | 1.2 | 0.9 |
| Instrumental activity of daily living stages | 42550 | 132.2 | |
| Stage 0 | 26491 | 87.8 | 66.4 |
| Stage I | 7171 | 20.9 | 15.8 |
| Stage II | 3363 | 9.4 | 7.1 |
| Stage III | 4447 | 11.5 | 8.7 |
| Stage IV | 1078 | 2.6 | 1.9 |
| Age, years | 42584 | 132.3 | |
| 65-74 | 19161 | 75.8 | 57.3 |
| 75-84 | 17014 | 43.2 | 32.6 |
| ≥85 | 6409 | 13.3 | 10.1 |
| Gender | 42584 | 132.3 | |
| Female | 24160 | 74.6 | 56.4 |
| Male | 18424 | 57.7 | 43.6 |
| Race/Ethnicity | 42527 | 132.1 | |
| Non-Hispanic white | 34566 | 106.8 | 80.8 |
| Non-Hispanic black | 3505 | 10.8 | 8.2 |
| Hispanic | 3163 | 10.1 | 7.6 |
| Other | 1293 | 4.5 | 3.4 |
| Proxy response | 42189 | 131.2 | |
| Self responded | 38840 | 121.9 | 92.9 |
| Proxy responded | 3349 | 9.4 | 7.1 |
| Education | 42325 | 131.6 | |
| ≥High school diploma | 30665 | 98.8 | 75.1 |
| Below high school diploma | 11660 | 32.8 | 24.9 |
| Annual income | 42224 | 131.1 | |
| ≤$25,000 | 22577 | 64.9 | 49.5 |
| >$25,000 | 19647 | 66.2 | 50.5 |
| Supplemental insurance | 42584 | 132.3 | |
| Private supplemental | 24600 | 76.7 | 58.0 |
| Medicare only | 12212 | 38.9 | 29.4 |
| Medicare and Medicaid dual enrollee | 5102 | 14.8 | 11.2 |
| Other public supplemental | 670 | 1.9 | 1.5 |
| Living arrangement | 42584 | 132.3 | |
| With spouse | 21275 | 70.6 | 53.4 |
| With children | 4287 | 12.1 | 9.1 |
| With others | 2076 | 6.6 | 5.0 |
| Alone | 11730 | 34.3 | 25.9 |
| Retirement community | 3216 | 8.7 | 6.6 |
| Having home accessibility features | 42584 | 132.3 | |
| No | 24583 | 81.1 | 61.3 |
| Yes | 18001 | 51.3 | 38.7 |
| Alzheimer/dementia | 42584 | 132.3 | |
| No | 41471 | 129.7 | 98.0 |
| Yes | 1113 | 2.6 | 2.0 |
| Angina pectoris/coronary artery disease | 42584 | 132.3 | |
| No | 38419 | 120.2 | 90.9 |
| Yes | 4165 | 12.1 | 9.1 |
| Complete/partial paralysis | 42584 | 132.3 | |
| No | 41478 | 129.1 | 97.6 |
| Yes | 1106 | 3.2 | 2.4 |
| Diabetes/high blood sugar | 42584 | 132.3 | |
| No | 33062 | 102.5 | 77.4 |
| Yes | 9522 | 29.8 | 22.6 |
| Emphysema/asthma/COPD | 42584 | 132.3 | |
| No | 36690 | 114.2 | 86.3 |
| Yes | 5894 | 18.2 | 13.7 |
| Hypertension | 42584 | 132.3 | |
| No | 16881 | 53.9 | 40.7 |
| Yes | 25703 | 78.5 | 59.3 |
| Mental/psychiatric disorder | 42584 | 132.3 | |
| No | 40626 | 126.5 | 95.6 |
| Yes | 1958 | 5.8 | 4.4 |
| Mental retardation | 42584 | 132.3 | |
| No | 42428 | 131.8 | 99.6 |
| Yes | 156 | 0.5 | 0.4 |
| Myocardial infarction/heart attack | 42584 | 132.3 | |
| No | 36980 | 116.5 | 88.1 |
| Yes | 5604 | 15.8 | 11.9 |
| Other heart conditions | 42584 | 132.3 | |
| No | 37516 | 117.9 | 89.1 |
| Yes | 5068 | 14.4 | 10.9 |
| Parkinson's disease | 42584 | 132.3 | |
| No | 42039 | 130.9 | 98.9 |
| Yes | 545 | 1.5 | 1.1 |
| Severe hearing impairment/deaf | 42584 | 132.3 | |
| No | 39360 | 123.7 | 93.4 |
| Yes | 3224 | 8.7 | 6.6 |
| Severe vision impairment/no usable vision | 42584 | 132.3 | |
| No | 39608 | 124.5 | 94.1 |
| Yes | 2976 | 7.8 | 5.9 |
| Stroke/brain hemorrhage | 42584 | 132.3 | |
| No | 38004 | 119.7 | 90.5 |
| Yes | 4580 | 12.6 | 9.5 |