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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2016 Feb 18.
Published in final edited form as: Adv Biosci Biotechnol. 2015 Jun 1;6(6):408–418. doi: 10.4236/abb.2015.66040

Figure 4.

Figure 4

Inactivation of HR increases the frequency of MNNG-induced NHEJ foci dependent on mismatch repair. Stationary phase cells were treated with MNNG and immediately processed for live cell fluorescence microscopy as indicated in Materials and Methods. Visualization of NHEJ-GFP foci formation (green spots) in response to MNNG is presented. Nuclear DNA (blue) is stained with DAPI. In the HR proficient strains (RAD52 MSH2), no NHEJ foci were observed. When HR was inactivated (rad52 MSH2), distinct foci was observed in the XRS2-GFP, LIF1-GFP and YKU70-GFP strains. Foci formation was dependent on a functional MMR, since inactivation of MSH2 (rad52 msh2) significantly reduced the number of NHEJ foci observed, even in a HR deficient strain.