Fig. 4.

MMNm waveforms for the grammatical/ungrammatical he/*we –s conditions (first column in blue/*red) and the he/we –ed control conditions (second column in blue/green) as recorded in native speakers (top panels), high proficient non-natives (middle panels), and low proficiency non-natives (bottom panels). y-axes give magnetic field gradient in fT/m and x-axes give time in milliseconds. Bar charts in the right column show mean magnetic field gradient amplitudes taken within the 80–335 ms time window (again indicated by dashed lines on the waveforms) for each of the four conditions (with the ungrammatical one shown in red). Error bars represent standard error. (For interpretation of the references to color in this figure legend, the reader is referred to the web version of this article.)