Table 1.

Means or Percentage Distributions by Child Gender

	Full (n = 625)		Women (54%) (n = 338)		Men (46%) (n = 287)
	Mean/Pct	Std. Dev.	Mean/Pct.	Std. Dev.	Mean/Pct.	Std. Dev.
IPV in young adulthood	40.5%		37.9%		43.6%
Parental negativity (Range: 3.6 – 19.2)	10.28	2.87	10.73***	2.83	9.76	2.69
Parent-child conflict (Range: 1 – 6)	1.91	0.92	1.97	1.00	1.83	0.82
Child gender mistrust (Range: 1.3 – 5)	3.42	0.62	3.45	0.63	3.39	0.62
Adolescent delinquency (Range: 0 – 8)	1.24	0.60	1.17**	0.40	1.32	0.76
Parental support (Range: 1.3 – 5)	4.19	0.69	4.21	0.66	4.18	0.71
Parental control (Range: 1.4 – 4)	3.37	0.38	3.41*	0.35	3.33	0.41
Coercive parenting (Range: 1 – 4.7)	1.84	0.56	1.83	0.55	1.85	0.56
Early dater (parental report)	22.8%		21.0%		24.9%
Juvenile delinquency (Range: 1 – 8)	1.35	0.03	1.29**	0.02	1.42	.05
Adolescent dating violence	23.4%		18.9%**		28.6%
Neighborhood context (disorder/violence) (Range: 0 – 20)	2.41	.18	2.15	.22	2.71	.29
Age (Range: 17 – 24)	20.77	1.70	20.77	1.68	20.77	1.73
Race/ethnicity
(White)	69.9%		73.3%		65.9%
Black	19.2%		16.0%*		23.0%
Hispanic	10.9%		10.7%		11.1%
Family structure
(Two biological parents)	51.0%		50.1%		52.0%
Single parent	26.2%		26.3%		26.1%
Step-parent	18.2%		18.9%		17.4%
Other living arrangement	4.6%		4.7%		4.5%
Mother’s education
Less than 12 years	10.9%		10.6%		11.1%
(High school graduate)	33.1%		33.4%		32.8%
More than 12 years	56.0%		56.0%		56.1%
Relationship type
(Dating)	66.6%		61.8%		72.1%
Cohabiting	25.6%		28.7%*		22.0%
Married	7.8%		9.5%*		5.9%
Current relationship	73.4%		77.8%*		69.0%
Relationship duration (Range: 1 – 8)	6.84	1.64	7.10***	1.41	6.54	1.83

^*p < .05,

^**p < .01,

^***p < .001.

Notes: P-values based on zero order regressions. Source: Toledo Adolescent Relationships Study