Table 4.
Summary of gene ontology (GO) categories of the main biological processes overrepresented among the differentially expressed genes in 24‐week‐old rats between sedentary versus early exercise and sedentary versus later exercise (P < 0.05)
| GO term | Sedentary versus early exercise | Sedentary versus later exercise | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Count | P value | Count | P value | |
| Biological process | /34 | /231 | ||
| GO:0006414˜translational elongation | 3 | 0.0275 | 12 | 0.0000 |
| GO:0070482˜response to oxygen levels | 4 | 0.0176 | 13 | 0.0005 |
| GO:0051240˜positive regulation of multicellular organismal process | 6 | 0.0005 | 10 | 0.0487 |
| GO:0016477˜cell migration | 4 | 0.0330 | 11 | 0.0266 |
| GO:0030595~leukocyte chemotaxis | 3 | 0.0045 | 5 | 0.0051 |
| GO:0060326~cell chemotaxis | 3 | 0.0053 | 5 | 0.0068 |
| GO:0050900~leukocyte migration | 3 | 0.0105 | 5 | 0.0230 |
| GO:0030155~regulation of cell adhesion | 3 | 0.0422 | 7 | 0.0270 |
| GO:0045785~positive regulation of cell adhesion | 3 | 0.0120 | 5 | 0.0286 |
| GO:0043066˜negative regulation of apoptosis | 5 | 0.0123 | 0 | N/A |
| GO:0043069~negative regulation of programmed cell death | 5 | 0.0129 | 0 | N/A |
| GO:0060548~negative regulation of cell death | 5 | 0.0131 | 0 | N/A |
| GO:0006935~chemotaxis | 3 | 0.0214 | 0 | N/A |
| GO:0042330~taxis | 3 | 0.0214 | 0 | N/A |
| GO:0048010~vascular endothelial growth factor receptor signaling pathway | 2 | 0.0296 | 0 | N/A |
| GO:0032760~positive regulation of tumor necrosis factor production | 2 | 0.0349 | 0 | N/A |
| GO:0009725~response to hormone stimulus | 5 | 0.0487 | 0 | N/A |
| GO:0032989~cellular component morphogenesis | 0 | N/A | 18 | 0.0008 |
| GO:0045792~negative regulation of cell size | 0 | N/A | 8 | 0.0013 |
| GO:0006412˜translation | 0 | N/A | 19 | 0.0014 |
| GO:0007568~aging | 0 | N/A | 10 | 0.0023 |
| GO:0007507˜heart development | 0 | N/A | 12 | 0.0025 |
| GO:0030030~cell projection organization | 0 | N/A | 16 | 0.0038 |
| GO:0032868~response to insulin stimulus | 0 | N/A | 9 | 0.0039 |
| GO:0030308~negative regulation of cell growth | 0 | N/A | 7 | 0.0039 |
| GO:0032535~regulation of cellular component size | 0 | N/A | 12 | 0.0047 |
| GO:0048738~cardiac muscle tissue development | 0 | N/A | 6 | 0.0048 |
| GO:0001558˜regulation of cell growth | 0 | N/A | 10 | 0.0050 |
| GO:0010243~response to organic nitrogen | 0 | N/A | 8 | 0.0055 |
| GO:0010959~regulation of metal ion transport | 0 | N/A | 7 | 0.0056 |
| GO:0000902~cell morphogenesis | 0 | N/A | 15 | 0.0056 |
| GO:0009719~response to endogenous stimulus | 0 | N/A | 21 | 0.0065 |
| GO:0048812~neuron projection morphogenesis | 0 | N/A | 11 | 0.0081 |
| GO:0030029~actin filament‐based process | 0 | N/A | 10 | 0.0083 |
| GO:0051924~regulation of calcium ion transport | 0 | N/A | 6 | 0.0083 |
| GO:0008361~regulation of cell size | 0 | N/A | 10 | 0.0089 |
| GO:0010769~regulation of cell morphogenesis involved in differentiation | 0 | N/A | 7 | 0.0095 |
| GO:0080135~regulation of cellular response to stress | 0 | N/A | 7 | 0.0095 |
| GO:0007242~intracellular signaling cascade | 0 | N/A | 29 | 0.0096 |
| GO:0051130~positive regulation of cellular component organization | 0 | N/A | 10 | 0.0098 |
| GO:0043269~regulation of ion transport | 0 | N/A | 7 | 0.0104 |
| GO:0022604~regulation of cell morphogenesis | 0 | N/A | 8 | 0.0116 |
| GO:0006955~immune response | 0 | N/A | 16 | 0.0129 |
| GO:0045926~negative regulation of growth | 0 | N/A | 7 | 0.0131 |
| GO:0010035~response to inorganic substance | 0 | N/A | 12 | 0.0136 |
| GO:0031175~neuron projection development | 0 | N/A | 12 | 0.0155 |
| GO:0048858~cell projection morphogenesis | 0 | N/A | 11 | 0.0157 |
| GO:0060537~muscle tissue development | 0 | N/A | 8 | 0.0163 |
| GO:0033043~regulation of organelle organization | 0 | N/A | 9 | 0.0171 |
| GO:0000904~cell morphogenesis involved in differentiation | 0 | N/A | 11 | 0.0175 |
| GO:0048667~cell morphogenesis involved in neuron differentiation | 0 | N/A | 10 | 0.0175 |
| GO:0030036~actin cytoskeleton organization | 0 | N/A | 9 | 0.0187 |
| GO:0006006~glucose metabolic process | 0 | N/A | 9 | 0.0193 |
| GO:0032990~cell part morphogenesis | 0 | N/A | 11 | 0.0203 |
| GO:0031344~regulation of cell projection organization | 0 | N/A | 7 | 0.0208 |
| GO:0019882~antigen processing and presentation | 0 | N/A | 6 | 0.0209 |
| GO:0042493~response to drug | 0 | N/A | 13 | 0.0227 |
| GO:0040008~regulation of growth | 0 | N/A | 12 | 0.0274 |
| GO:0006928~cell motion | 0 | N/A | 15 | 0.0279 |
| GO:0002252~immune effector process | 0 | N/A | 7 | 0.0280 |
| GO:0010033~response to organic substance | 0 | N/A | 27 | 0.0298 |
| GO:0000302~response to reactive oxygen species | 0 | N/A | 6 | 0.0309 |
| GO:0007155~cell adhesion | 0 | N/A | 16 | 0.0314 |
| GO:0022610~biological adhesion | 0 | N/A | 16 | 0.0314 |
| GO:0005996~monosaccharide metabolic process | 0 | N/A | 10 | 0.0319 |
| GO:0009611~response to wounding | 0 | N/A | 15 | 0.0323 |
| GO:0048666~neuron development | 0 | N/A | 13 | 0.0335 |
| GO:0045859~regulation of protein kinase activity | 0 | N/A | 11 | 0.0348 |
| GO:0014706~striated muscle tissue development | 0 | N/A | 7 | 0.0390 |
| GO:0019318~hexose metabolic process | 0 | N/A | 9 | 0.0403 |
| GO:0007517~muscle organ development | 0 | N/A | 8 | 0.0427 |
| GO:0030001~metal ion transport | 0 | N/A | 14 | 0.0442 |
| GO:0043549~regulation of kinase activity | 0 | N/A | 11 | 0.0460 |