Table 1.

Zebrafish models of inflammatory bowel diseases

Model	Age	Induction	Characteristics
Oxazolone	Adult	Intrarectal administration of 0.2% oxazolone in 50% ethanol. Stand-alone tanks	Epithelial damage; infiltration of neutrophils and eosinophils in intestine; depletion of goblet cells; upregulation of IL1β, TNFα and IL10[46]
TNBS	Adult	Intrarectal administration of TNBS (160 mmol/L) in 30% ethanol. Stand-alone tanks	Dose-dependent fish survival; disruption of the epithelial integrity; ulcerations; swelling, thickening and detachment of villi; no changes in goblet cells; upregulation of IL1β, IL8 and IL10[48]
	Larva (3-8 dpf)	50-75 µg/mL TNBS in swimming water (E3 medium)	Dose-dependent survival; expansion of intestinal lumen; loss of villi; increased number of goblet cell; upregulation of IL1β, TNFα, IL8, and MMP9; increased TNFα expression in lumen; infiltrate of myeloid cells[59,60]
DSS	Larva (3-6 dpf)	0.5% DSS in swimming water (E3 medium)	Mucosecretory phenotype; neutrophilic infiltration microbiota - dependent; upregulation of CCl20, IL1β, IL23, IL8, MMP9 and PCNAIL; increased proliferating cells[76]
Glafenine	Larva (5 dpf)	25 µmol/L glafenine for 12 h in in swimming water (E3 medium)	Apoptosis in intestinal epithelial cells; ER stress in IECs[79]

TNBS: 2,4,6-trinitrobenzenesulfonic acid; DSS: Dextran sulfate sodium.