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. 2016 Feb 19;6:21391. doi: 10.1038/srep21391

Figure 3. C5a levels increased by HFD and induced leukocyte recruitment.

Figure 3

(a) Exhaustive cytokine array for sera from mice fed HFD. Cytokine array showed that C5a upregulates most in various cytokines by HFD. Sera pooled from eight mice were analyzed. (b) Feeding HFD for 4 weeks increased serum C5a levels (left) (n = 4 and 4, respectively). In addition, HFD increased C5 mRNA levels, the precursor of C5a, in the liver (right) (n = 8 and 8, respectively). Data are presented as the mean ± SEM. **P < 0.01 and *P < 0.05 by unpaired; 2-tailed Student’s t test. (c) Leukocyte recruitment in wt mice fed NC with recombinant mouse C5a after 1.5 h. Leukocyte recruitment was not detected when treated with vehicle (left panel), but observed when treated with C5a (right panel). Bar, 50 μm. C5a significantly increased leukocyte recruitment (n = 5 and 5, respectively). Data are presented as the mean ± SEM. **P < 0.01 by unpaired; 2-tailed Student’s t test. (d) 2 μg/kg of recombinant murine C5a was administered to wt mice fed NC. C5a induced neutrophilia for 1.5 hours (n = 4 and 4, respectively). Data are presented as the mean ± SEM. *P < 0.05 by unpaired; 2-tailed Student’s t test. (e) Leukocyte recruitment in wt mice fed HFD for 4 weeks with C5aR antagonist. Administration of C5aR antagonist diminished leukocyte recruitment induced by HFD (**P < 0.01) (n = 4 and 4, respectively). Data are presented as the mean ± SEM. **P < 0.01 by unpaired; 2-tailed Student’s t test. Bar, 50 μm.