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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2017 Feb 17.
Published in final edited form as: Neuron. 2016 Feb 17;89(4):683–694. doi: 10.1016/j.neuron.2016.01.040

Figure 4. Potential Approaches for Cell- and Projection-Specific Modulation of Neuronal Activity Using DREADDs.

Figure 4

(A) The standard approach whereby DREADDs are expressed in a cell-type-specific manner (either virally or transgenically) and then activated by systemic administration of chemical actuator.

(B) How a combination of cell-type-specific expression (e.g., localized injection of AAV-FLEX-hSyn-DREADD) and projection-specific infusion of CAV-Cre allows for the projection-specific expression and activation of DREADDs.

(C) How local infusion of a chemical actuator provides for projection-specific effects with a limited area of activation.

(D) How distinct DREADDs may be expressed in a cell-type-specific fashion to afford multiplexed chemogenetic modulation of neural activity and physiology.