Table 3.
Multivariate conditional logistic regression analysis of maternal factors associated with higher risk of neonatal death at 0–28 daysa
| Variables | Model 1 | Model 2 | Model 3 | Model 4 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Place of delivery | ||||
| Home birth vs. at healthcare facility | 4.30 (2.12–8.74)*** | 4.27 (2.08–8.76)*** | 5.05 (2.26–11.25)*** | 8.65 (1.11–67.49)* |
| Maternal knowledge | ||||
| Lack of knowledge about/did not take iron supplements | 1.52 (0.70–3.26) | 1.41 (0.62–3.18) | 1.43 (0.60–3.43) | 1.30 (0.20–8.55) |
| No or limited knowledge about due date | 2.08 (0.70–6.14) | 1.45 (0.46–4.50) | 1.58 (0.43–5.85) | 0.92 (0.09–9.44) |
| Lack of knowledge of danger signs for newborns | 1.40 (0.85–2.32) | 1.51 (0.89–2.56) | 1.32 (0.76–2.31) | 5.90 (1.32–26.47)** |
| Maternal health | ||||
| Complications during pregnancy | 2.09 (0.95–4.61) | 1.77 (0.78–4.03) | 2.84 (0.39–20.68) | |
| Complications during birth | 3.72 (1.92–7.23)*** | 3.52 (1.74–7.08)*** | 1.41 (0.17–11.69) | |
| Maternal characteristics | ||||
| Age at (first) marriage | 2.57 (1.07–6.21)* | 2.20 (0.13–35.77) | ||
| Previous abortion | 2.00 (0.91–4.41) | 0.82 (0.09–7.42) | ||
| High risk pregnancy | 1.59 (0.94–2.70) | 1.86 (0.54–6.36) | ||
| Neonatal factors | ||||
| Complications during birth | 41.20 (5.12–331.29)*** | |||
| History of mother having neonatal complications | 5.91 (0.81–42.94) | |||
| Low Apgar score | 7.48 (1.31–42.67)* | |||
| Health problems | 15.07 (3.28–69.19)*** | |||
| No early breastfeeding initiation | 1.41 (0.39–5.03) | |||
| Factors outside control of health system | ||||
| Accessibility: time to community health centre of more than 1 hour | 1.67 (0.73–3.82) | 2.28 (0.93–5.62) | 2.53 (0.99–6.49) | 3.73 (0.49–28.60) |
| Education: both wife and husband did not graduate primary school | 1.32 (0.61–2.84) | 1.18 (0.54–2.59) | 0.86 (0.37–2.02) | 1.26 (0.19–8.52) |
| Poverty indicator: parents do not have their own electricity meter | 1.63 (0.98–2.72) | 1.66 (0.97–2.85) | 1.77 (1.00–3.13) | 2.83 (0.75–10.60) |
a
Pseudo R2=81.3%;
*
significant at P<0.05;
**
significant at P<0.001;
***
significant at P<0.0001. Bayesian information criterion for Models 1–4: 347.15, 337.85, 338.53, and 201.283, respectively. Akaike information criterion for Models 1–4: 309.93, 292.36, 277.02, and 106.97, respectively.