Table 3.
Summary of included studies. Caption: a summary of the studies included in the review, including details of sample size, the source of the sample, year of data collection, vaccine investigated, target age group, delivery strategy, completion rate attained and factors investigated to influence completion
| Author; date | Sample size | Country; source of sample | Year of data collection | Vaccine | Vaccine target age group | Vaccine delivery strategy | Completion rate | Factors investigated to influence completion |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Bednarczyk, R; et al. 2011 | 588 | USA. New York state University health clinics and classrooms: self-report questionnaire. | 2010 | HPV | 11–12 (with catch up to 26) | Available at routine healthcare provider | 79 % | Qualitative interviews |
| Carlos, R; et al. 2010 | 232 | USA. Mailed questionnaire to attendees of breast and cervical cancer screening clinics (maternal report). | 2010 | HPV | 11–12 (with catch up to 26) | Available at routine healthcare provider | 19 % | Race |
| Cassidy, W; Mahoney, F. 1995 | 654 | USA. School and administrative data. | 1994-5 | HBV | School grades 6–8 | School-based clinic | 82 % | Gender, race |
| Chao, C; Slezak, J; et al. 2009 | 18,275 | USA. Electronic health records from KPSC managed care organisation. | 2006-8 | HPV | 9–26 | Available at routine healthcare provider | 43 % | Maternal characteristics: history of at least 1 Pap test in the past 3 years, history of abnormal pap test result, history of genital warts/ other STIs, SES (neighbourhood median household income, neighbourhood average adult education) |
| Chao, C; Velicer, C; et al. 2009 | 34,193 | USA. Electronic health records from KPSC managed care organisation. | 2006-8 | HPV | 9–26 | Available at routine healthcare provider | 41 % | age, race, socioeconomic status (census block neighbourhood statistics, medicaid eligibility), provider characteristics, health care utilization, women's health related conditions, chronic illness |
| Chou, B; et al. 2011 | 1413 | USA. Electronic health records from ambulatory care clinics (4) associated with a University. | 2007-8 | HPV | 11–12 (with catch up to 26) | Available at routine healthcare provider | 33 % | Age, insurance (private/public), provider characteristics (location, practice type (pediatrics, gynaecology or family practice)), race (White, African American, Hispanic). |
| Cleves, M. 1998 | 520 | USA. Medical records. | 1995-6 | HBV | 11–19 | Available at routine healthcare provider | 33 % | Age, race, insurance, sexual activity, risk behaviour (drug use) |
| Cook, R; et al. 2010 | 11,986 | USA. Medicaid administrative data. | 2006-8 | HPV | 9–20 | Available at routine healthcare provider | 27 % | Age, race, provider of first shot, insurance (months of medicaid enrollment), sexual activity. |
| Crosby, R; et al. 2011 | 209 | USA. University of Kentucky, rural community college and rural health clinic attendees | 2007-8 | HPV | 9–26 | Available at routine healthcare provider | 56 % urban | Geography (rural/urban location) |
| 10 % rural | ||||||||
| Deeks, S; Johnson, I. 1998 | 39,935 | Canada. Administrative data from Health units (7), Greater Toronto Area | 1994-5 | HBV | School Grade 7 | School-based delivery | 95 % | School characteristics, knowledge/ education/mobilisation |
| Dempsey, A; et al. 2010 | 2625 | USA. Health records from 20 university-affiliated health clinics, Michigan | 2007-8 | HPV | 9–26 | Available at routine healthcare provider | 15 % | Age, insurance, race |
| Dempsey, A; et al. 2012 | 1714 | USA. Health records from 20 university-affiliated health clinics, Michigan | 2008-9 | HPV | 9–26 | Available at routine healthcare provider | 53 % | Age, insurance, race |
| Dorell, C; et al. 2011 | 18,228 | USA. Stratified, national, probability sample of households (NIS-teen survey) | 2008-10 | HPV | 9–26 | Available at routine healthcare provider | 53 % | Age, insurance, health care utilization, household income, maternal education level, maternal age, maternal marital status, race, geography/ location |
| Fournier, M; et al. 2013 | 1404 | USA. Electronic medical records from 2 primary care clinics | 2007-12 | HPV | 11–12 (catch up to 26) | Available at routine healthcare provider | 40 % | Insurance, race, health care utilization (other vaccines) |
| Ganry, O; et al. 2013 | France. Electronic records of the Regime General Insurance (for workers), the RSI (for self-employed) and the RSA (agricultural occupations) | 2009-10 | HPV | 14 (with a catch up to 23) | Available at routine healthcare provider | 39 % | Age, insurance, provider characteristics. | |
| (recently revised to 11–14) | ||||||||
| Gold, R; et al. 2013 | 786 | USA. Electronic medical records from an integrated managed care organisation | 2008 | HPV | 11–12 (catch up to 26) | Available at routine healthcare provider | Socioeconomic status; health care utilization; provider characteristics; vaccine delivery concomitant with first dose; experiences at the first visit, challenges to making or keeping the index appointment; Knowledge and attitudes about HPV; adverse events. | |
| Gold, R; et al. 2011 | 450 | USA. Administrative data from 19 school-based health centres | 2007-8 | HPV | 11–12 (catch up to 26) | Available at routine healthcare provider | 51 % | Age, race and insurance status |
| Gonzalez, I; et al. 2002 | 79,357 | USA. Electronic Data from 3 Health Management Organisations | 1998 | HBV | 11–12 | Available at routine healthcare provider | 73 %, 67 %, 45 % | Provider characteristics (Health care organisation) |
| Harper, D; et al. 2013 | 2422 | USA. Electronic records from a safety net health care system Kansas | 2006-09 | HPV | 11–12 (catch up to 26) | Available at routine healthcare provider | 42 % | Age, race, concomitant (visit type for first dose) |
| Hirth, J; et al. 2012 | 271,976 | USA. Electronic records of a private insurance company | 2006-10 | HPV | 11–12 (catch up to 26) | Available at routine healthcare provider | 38 % | Age, provider type, time |
| Kester, L; et al. 2011 | 500 | USA. Knowledge networks coordinated survey (nationally representative) | 2010 | HPV | 11–12 (catch up to 26) | Available at routine healthcare provider | 81 % | Race, insurance, maternal education, maternal relationship status, maternal history of HPV related condition, geography. |
| Kouyoumdjian, F; Bailowitz, A. 2011 | 18 | USA. Baltimore city health department self report interviews | 2007-9 | HPV | 11–12 (catch up to 26) | Available at routine healthcare provider | 9.80 % | Geography (access), adverse events, qualitative reasons (convenience, knowledge, pain/discomfort) |
| Ladner, J; et al. 2012 | 87580 | Multi-country (7 low resource countries). Administrative data from Gardasil Access Programme grantee countries | 2009-11 | HPV | Bhutan, Bolivia, Haiti, Nepal: 9–13 | School based, health centre based or mixed strategies | Bhutan: 88 %, Bolivia: 96 %; Cambodia: 95 %; Cameroon 83 %, Haiti 76 %, Lesotho 93 %; Nepal 99 %. | Delivery strategy (school-based, health facility model, mixed model) |
| Cambodia: 11–18 | ||||||||
| Cameroon: 9–18 | ||||||||
| Lesotho: 10–18 | ||||||||
| Lancman, H; et al. 2000 | 3 centres | USA. Administrative data from 2 school based health centres and one adolescent health clinic | 1997-98 | HBV | 11 and above | Available at school based health centres and routine providers | 24 %, 29 %, 76 % | Health centre characteristics |
| Laz, T; et al. 2012 | 11,277 | USA. Household questionnaire sent to parents | 2010 | HPV | 11–12 (catch up to 26) | Available at routine healthcare provider | 49 % | Age, parental education, insurance, race, parental income. |
| Lions, C; et al. 2013 | 105,327 | France. National Insurance Reimbursement database | 2007-8 | HPV | 11–14 (catch up to 19) | Available at routine healthcare provider | 64.10 % | Age, insurance, geography, medical utilization |
| Macdonald, V; et al. 2007 | 2471 | Australia. Health centre records from a primary health care centre, Sydney (high risk population) | 1992-2003 | HBV | High risk adolescent of any age | Available at routine healthcare provider and specialist clinics | 21 % | Age, gender, race (aboriginal), risk behaviour (IDU, sex worker, hep.C status) length of contact with the health centre, accelerated versus normal schedule. |
| Moore, G; et al. 2010 | 209 | USA. Medical records of community health clinic attendees | Unknown | HPV | 11–12 (catch up to 26) | Available at routine healthcare provider | 28 % | Attitudes and believes including perceptions of risk, peer experience of HPV vaccine, experience of cancer |
| Nelson, J C; et al; 2009 | 590445 | USA. Vaccine Safety Datalink population (MCO registry) | 1996-2004 | Varicella, HAV, HBV | 9–17 | Available at routine healthcare provider | Varicella: 35.9 %; HAV: 48.4 % (age 9–12), 40.3 % (age 13–17); HBV: 63.4 % (age 9–12), 45.1 % (age 13–17). | Age, provider site, gender, length of MCO enrollment, year of first dose, utilization of medical visits in year prior to dose 1 |
| Sinka, K; et al. 2014 | 86769 | UK. The Child Health System database and the Scottish Immunisation Recall System | 2008-11 | HPV | 12–13 (catch up for 13–17) | School-based (catch up included supply of vaccine at primary health care) | Year 1: 89.4 % | Scottish Index of Multiple Deprivation (SIMD) |
| Year 2: 86.9 % | ||||||||
| Year 3: 81 % | ||||||||
| Markovitz, A; et al. 2014 | 13,709 | USA. Immunization registry, Michigan residents continuously enrolled with a PPO | 2006-11 | HPV | 11–12 (catch up to 26) | Available at routine healthcare provider | 22 % | Maternal preventive care utilization (Pap testing, mammograms, primary care office visits), age, race, household education, household income, maternal age. |
| Middleman, A. 2004 | 11,500 | USA. School data | 1998-2000 | HBV | School grades 5–6 | School-based | 72 % | Insurance, race and gender |
| Middleman, A B; et al. 1996 | 826 | USA. Medical records from an adolescent health clinic | Unknown | HBV | Any adolescent attending the clinic | Available at routine healthcare provider | 23 % | Socio-demographics, risk behaviors (for hepatitis B), medication use, chronic illnesses, and experience, knowledge and attitudes about hepatitis B and the immunization |
| Middleman, A B; et al. 1999 | 943 | USA. Questionnaires distributed at hospital and school based clinics | 1994-5 | HBV | Any adolescent attending the clinics | Available at routine healthcare provider and school based clinic | 47.6 % (Clinic); 41.7 % (School-based clinic) | Race, insurance, residential zip code, risk factors for acquiring hepatitis B, risk behaviors (cigarette and substance use), and academic achievement, chronic illness, healthcare utilization, knowledge about hepatitis B and the vaccination, family history of hepatitis B vaccination, travel time, and mode of transportation to the clinic. |
| Monnat, S; Wallington, S. 2013 | 4,776 | USA. Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System Survey data in 10 territories | 2008-10 | HPV | 11–12 (catch up to 26) | Available at routine healthcare provider | 14 % | Mother’s history of cervical screening (Pap test). |
| MooreCaldwell, S; et al. 1997 | 174 | USA. Medical records from a university adolescent clinic and junior-senior private high school clinic | 1992-3 | HBV | Any adolescent attending the clinics | Available at routine healthcare provider at school based clinics | 89 % | Adolescent and parent knowledge of hepatitis B, perceived risk. |
| Moss, J L; et al. 2013 | 105,121 | USA. North Carolina Immunization Registry | Not available | HPV | 11–12 (catch up to 26) | Available at routine healthcare provider | 28 % | Gender ratio, race, provider specialty and adolescent patient load, reminder/recall system, time to documentation in NCIR, computers per clinic, age of vaccine recommendation (Tdap, Meningococcal, HPV) |
| Musto, R; et al. 2013 | 35,592 | Canada. Calgary zone Public Health vaccination database | 2008-11 | HPV | Grades 5 and 9 | School-based programme and available at community public health clinics | 75 % (School-based); | In-school vs community health clinic delivery model, socioeconomic status, school provider type, history of HBV. |
| 36 % (community) | ||||||||
| Neubrand, T; et al. 2009 | 352 | USA. Medical records review from two different sites | 2007-8 | HPV | 11–12 (catch up to 26) | Available at routine healthcare provider | 58 % | Age, race, insurance (private vs Medicaid/Child Health Insurance Program [CHIP]), and distance from home to the clinic, sexual activity prior to initiation of the series, history of an STI, cervical screening history within 3 years of vaccine initiation, reason for clinic visit |
| Niccolai, L; et al. 2011 | 7606 | USA. NIS-Teen survey: Random digit dialing household survey. | 2008-9 | HPV | 11–12 (catch up to 26) | Available at routine healthcare provider | 55 % | Race, socioeconomic status, age, maternal characteristics, insurance, healthcare utilization, geography (region) and year. |
| Perkins, R B; et al. 2012 | 7702 | USA. Electronic medical records from Boston Medical/ community health centers | 2007-8 | HPV | 11–12 (catch up to 26) | Available at routine healthcare provider | 20 % | Age, location, number of clinic visits in study period, race, risk behaviour (documentation of STI or alcohol use), history of meningococcal or tdap booster vaccine. |
| Pruitt, C N; et al. 2013 | 978 | USA. Rochester Epidemiology Project records (REP) from medical records | 2006-9 | HPV | 11–12 (catch up to 26) | Available at routine healthcare provider | Somali girls: 52 %; white/non-Hispanic: 72 % | Somali ethnicity |
| Rahman, et al. 2013 | 2632 | USA. Data from Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System Telephone survey | 2008-10 | HPV | 11–12 (catch up to 26) | Available at routine healthcare provider | 17 % | Geography/ location |
| Reiter, P L; et al. 2009 | 229 | USA. Telephone survey, North Carolina. | 2007-8 | HPV | 11–12 (catch up to 26) | Available at routine healthcare provider | 83 % | Adverse events/ reported pain from HPV vaccination |
| Reiter, P; et al. 2013 | 1951 | USA. NIS-Teen survey: Random digit telephone survey | 2008-10 | HPV | 11–12 (catch up to 26) | Available at routine healthcare provider | 28 % | Age, race, healthcare utilization in last year, insurance, maternal characteristics, knowledge of HPV, provider recommendation, socioeconomic status. |
| Rouzier, R; Giordanella, J. 2010 | 77,744 | France. CPAM social security database | 2007-8 | HPV | 14 (Catch up to 23) | Available at routine healthcare provider | 43 % | Age, provider (general practitioner vs. gynecologist) |
| Rubin, R; et al. 2012 | 10,821 | USA, Administrative reimbursement data and medical records from medical group practices | 2006-10 | HPV | 11–12 (catch up to 26) | Available at routine healthcare provider | 27 % | Pre-existing STD, age, provider medical department |
| Sakou, I I; et al. 2011 | 1005 | Greece. Convenience sample of Adolescent Health Unit attendees | 2009 | HBV, HAV, HPV | HPV: 12–15; HAV, HBV: catch up 11–18 | Available at routine healthcare provider | Not reported | Gender, race/ nationality, parental education, family status |
| Schluterman, N H; et al. 2011 | 8069 | USA. Database of the University of Maryland Medical Center (UMMC) | 2006-10 | HPV | 11–12 (catch up to 26) | Available at routine healthcare provider | 11 % | Race, insurance status (publicly funded, private, or none), age (9–13, 14–17, or 18–26 years), and place of residence (urban or suburban Baltimore). |
| Schmidt, M A; et al. 2013 | 311213 | USA. Administrative data from vaccination sites | 2006-11 | HPV | 11–12 (catch up to 26) | Available at routine healthcare provider | 42 % | Age, calendar year |
| Schmitt, K; Thompson, D. 2013 | n/a | USA. Statewide Immunization Registry | 2001-11 | HPV | 11–12 (catch up to 26) | Available at routine healthcare provider | 52 % | Age, insurance, provider type, race |
| Seid, M; et al. 2001 | 800 | USA. Survey to parents of children at 5 Schools, San Diego | 1998 | HBV | 11–12 | Available at routine healthcare provider | 27 % | Provider, school based clinics, school socioeconomic status, home language, race, insurance, health care utilization, heard about mandatory vaccination from health care provider. |
| Smith, L M; et al. 2011 | 2519 | Canada. Universal health insurance program database. | 2007-10 | HPV | School grade 8 | School-based | 86 % | Age, parental income, and place of residence, vaccination history, health services utilisation, medical history. |
| Tan, W; et al. 2011 | 138823 | USA. NCIR immunisation registry | 2006-2009 | HPV | 11–12 (catch up to 26) | Available at routine healthcare provider | 55 % | Race, age, county of residence, provider clinic type, insurance. |
| Teplow-Phipps, R; et al. 2014 | 1,494767 | USA. Citywide Immunization Registry (CIR), New York City | 2005-12 | HPV | 11–12 (catch up to 26) | Available at routine healthcare provider | 38.4 % (females) | Age, gender, insurance, clinic specific variables: provider practice-type, number of Tdap vaccines reported (proxy for practice size), and socioeconomic status of practice location. |
| 35.7 % (males) | ||||||||
| Tracy, J K; et al. 2010 | 9658 | USA. Clinical data repository at the University of Maryland Medical Center | 2006-10 | HPV | 11–12 (catch up to 26) | Available at routine healthcare provider | 31 % | Age, race. |
| Tung, C S; Middleman, A B. 2005 | 8918 | USA, Data from 75 schools participating in HBII (Hep B immunization initiative). | 1999-2000 | HBV | 13–15 | School-based | 59 % | Publicity/promotion, packet distribution, return of forms, ratio of students to clinic, provider characteristics |
| Verdenius, I; et al. 2013 | 1563 | USA. Electronic medical records | 2006-9 | HPV | 11–12 (catch up to 26) | Available at routine healthcare provider | 32 % | Age, type of health visit, healthcare utilization, concomitant healthcare delivery. |
| Widdice, L E; et al. 2011 | 3297 | USA. Review of medical records from academic medical center | 2006-8 | HPV | 11–12 (catch up to 26) | Available at routine healthcare provider | 28 % | Age, race, insurance, healthcare utilization (DMPA), clinic location, time period of vaccine series initiation |
| LaMontagne, D; et al. 2011 | 7269 | Peru, India, Uganda, Vietnam. Population based household survey | 2008-10 | HPV | Peru: grade 5; Uganda: grade 5 or age 10; Vietnam: grade 6 or age 11; India: 10–14. | School-based or health centre based in all 4 countries | Not reported | Delivery Strategy |