Table 1.
Presumptive diagnoses for selected parasites impacting marine and freshwater fisheries.
| condition | parasite | fishery | region | presumptive diagnosis | reference | remarks |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| bacterial cold water disease (BCWD) | Flavobacterium psychrophilum | Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) | global | lesions and dark, torn, split or frayed fins. Heavily infected fish are often lethargic and stop feeding | [14] | |
| chinook salmon (Oncorlynchus tshawytscha) | ||||||
| sockeye salmon (Oncorlynchus nerka) | ||||||
| chum salmon (Oncorlynchus keta) | ||||||
| cutthroat trout (Oncorlynchus clarki) | ||||||
| brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis) | ||||||
| brown trout (Salvelinus trutta) | ||||||
| columnaris disease | Cytophage columnaris | channel catfish (Ictaluris punctatus) | global | greyish-white lesions | [15] | |
| common carp (Cyprinus carpio) | ||||||
| goldfish (Cyprinus auratus) | ||||||
| American eel (Anguilla rostrata) | ||||||
| Japanese eel (Anguilla japonica) | ||||||
| European eel (Anguilla anguilla) | ||||||
| rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) | ||||||
| brown trout (Salvelinus trutta) | ||||||
| brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis) | ||||||
| epizootic shell disease | multiple parasites | American lobster (Homarus americanus) | Nebraska | external shell lesions | [16–19] | not readily transmissible |
| Hematodinium/bitter crab disease | Hematodinium perezi | blue crab (Callinectes sapidus) | global | hyperpigmentation of the carapace and arthrodial membranes | [16,20,21] | presumptive signs only observed in late stage infections |
| Norway lobster (Nephrops norvegicus) | ||||||
| snow crab (Chionoecetes opilio) | ||||||
| tanner crab (Chinocecetes bairdi) | ||||||
| velvet swimming crab (Necora puber) | ||||||
| limp lobster disease | Vibrio fluvialis-like organisms | American lobster (Homarus americanus) | Nebraska | weakness, lethargy, slow or ineffectual responses to sensory stimuli | [22] | |
| parasitic nematodes | Anguillicota crassus | American eel (Anguilla rostrata) | Patuxent River, USA | direct observation of external parasites | [23] | |
| PaV1 | Panulirus argus virus 1 | spiny lobster (Panulirus argus) | Caribbean Sea | lethargy and restricted movement | [16,24] | |
| red tail disease | Aerococcus viridans (var.) homari | American lobster (Homarus americanus) | Nebraska | pink coloration of the ventral abdomen | [25] | |
| salmon lice | Lepeophtheirus salmonis and Caligus spp. | Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) | global | removal of skin over the head and presence of female lice bearing egg strings on the back | [26] | |
| coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) | ||||||
| rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) | ||||||
| striped bass (Morone saxatilis) | ||||||
| Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) | ||||||
| Arctic charr (Salvelinus alpinus) | ||||||
| scoliosis | Myxobolus acanthoobii | Japanese mackerel (Scomber japonicus) | Japan | kyphosis (dorso-ventral curvature) | [27] | |
| Japanese bluefish (Scombrops boops) | ||||||
| red gurnard (Chelidonichthys spinosus) | ||||||
| brown-lined puffer (Canthigaster rivulata) | ||||||
| white spot syndrome | Whispovirus | kuruma shrimp (Penaeus japonicus) | global | white spots on carapace and appendages | [28] | |
| tiger prawn (Penaeus monodon) | ||||||
| redtail prawn (Penaeus penicillatus) | ||||||
| withering foot syndrome | Candidatus Xenohaliotis californiensis | red abalone (Haliotis rufescens) | California | withered appearance, lethargy, faecal PCR | [29] | |
| white abalone (Haliotis sorenseni) | ||||||
| black abalone (Haliotis cracherodii) | ||||||
| green abalone (Haliotis fulgens) | ||||||
| pink abalone (Haliotis corrugata) |