Figure 5.

Management of oysters in the eastern US to reduce the impacts of Perkinsus marinus (dermo) and Haplosporidium nelsoni (MSX) can target the host, the pathogen or the environment. Disease-resistant hosts are protected in sanctuaries from harvest to promote an increase in the frequency of resistant genotypes (a). Biosecurity management focuses on pathogen screening in aquacultured seed (viewed histologically here) to prevent disease introduction into new areas and exacerbation of disease where it occurs (b). Conserving and restoring three-dimensional reef habitat enhances growth, reproduction and recruitment of healthy oyster metapopulations (c). (Online version in colour.)